The Influence of Communication Source and Mode on Consumer Adoption of Technological Innovations

Communication is the critical process of diffusion of technological innovations, yet there is little research in the consumer behavior literature investigating how communication affects consumers’ decision to adopt technological innovations. This paper examines the effects of communication source and modality on consumers’ adoption of technological innovations using the 1999 University of Michigan's Survey of Consumers data. Specifically, a typology of communication sources and modality is presented, and the respective and interrelated influences of source and mode on consumers’ adoption of electronic banking are examined. The results demonstrate that communication factors can serve as significant predictors of consumer adoption of technological innovations and that consumer preferences for communication source and modality vary for different segments of adopters. In addition, we find information gaps between consumer segments high and low in socioeconomic status. Finally, implications for the diffusion of technological innovations and future research directions are discussed.     

MINIMUM WAGE EFFECTS ON PERMANENT VERSUS TEMPORARY MINIMUM WAGE EMPLOYMENT

We estimate the effect of minimum wages on employment using the Master Files of the Canadian Labour Force Survey over the recent period 1997–2008. Particular attention is paid to the differences between permanent and temporary minimum wage workers—an important distinction not made in the existing literature. Our estimates for permanent and temporary minimum wage workers combined are at the lower end of estimates based on Canadian studies estimated over earlier time periods, suggesting that the adverse employment effects are declining over time for reasons discussed. Importantly, the adverse employment effects are substantially larger for permanent compared to temporary minimum wage workers; in fact they fall almost exclusively on permanent minimum wage workers. (JEL J30)     

汇率制度弹性与货币政策独立性——来自77个国家和地区的经验证据

基于77个国家和地区2000年至2010年间的面板数据,利用GMM方法研究汇率制度弹性变化对货币政策独立性的影响。结果显示,在控制了通货膨胀、经济增长、贸易开放度等因素后,汇率制度弹性与货币政策独立性之间显著正相关;资本管制导致这一关系在新兴和其他经济体中被弱化;金融发展水平的阶段性差异导致金融发展对发达经济体的货币政策独立性具有显著的增强效应,而对新兴与其他经济体的货币政策独立性具有显著的削弱效应;总体上,各国货币政策独立性在美联储升息期要高于美联储降息期。     

REVISITING THE EFFICIENT MARKET HYPOTHESIS FOR AFRICAN COUNTRIES: PANEL SURKSS TEST WITH A FOURIER FUNCTION

This study applies the panel seeming unrelated regression of the Kapetanios‐Shin‐Snell (SURKSS) test with a Fourier function to investigate the time‐series properties of stock prices in five African countries (i.e. Egypt, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa and Tunisia) over the period of January 2000–April 2011. The empirical results from the univariate unit root and panel‐based unit root tests indicate that unit root hypothesis can not be rejected for these five countries under study. However, results from the panel SURKSS test with a Fourier function indicate that unit root hypothesis can be rejected for Egypt and Morocco, two countries under study. Our results indicate that the weak‐form efficient market hypothesis holds in the other three countries, namely, Kenya, South Africa and Tunisia.     

ECONOMIC IMPACT ANALYSIS OF PORT DEVELOPMENT ON THE SOUTH AFRICAN ECONOMY

Ports have been regarded as economic infrastructure and catalysts for the economies they serve, and it is evident that the associated development would generate economic benefits. In this paper, the economy‐wide impacts of port development in South Africa are examined via a computable general equilibrium analysis. Central to the analysis is to make quantitative contributions to the understanding of the impacts of port investment and changes in freight costs on the national economy. The results support the economic significance of port development, as a means of promoting growth, trade and employment, in South Africa.     

THE AUSTRALIAN FIREARMS BUYBACK AND ITS EFFECT ON GUN DEATHS

The 1996-1997 National Firearms Agreement (NFA) in Australia introduced strict gun laws, primarily as a reaction to the mass shooting in Port Arthur, Tasmania, in 1996, where 35 people were killed. Despite the fact that several researchers using the same data have examined the impact of the NFA on firearm deaths, a consensus does not appear to have been reached. In this paper, we reanalyze the same data on firearm deaths used in previous research, using tests for unknown structural breaks as a means to identifying impacts of the NFA. The results of these tests suggest that the NFA did not have any large effects on reducing firearm homicide or suicide rates. (JEL C22, K19)     

Inventory accounting and earnings/price ratios: A puzzle*

Abstract. Economic intuition indicates that each dollar of current pretax cash flow should lead to higher accounting earnings, higher tax payments, and lower stock price under the FIFO rather than the LIFO method of inventory costing. Hence, the earnings/price ratios of the FIFO firms should be higher than those of the LIFO firms. However, the empirical study in this paper provides evidence to the contrary. To search for confounding factors, I examine the possible impacts of size, risk, industry classification, other accounting methods, and expectations of future earnings growth. None of these factors seems to affect the conclusion significantly. Because I have not established a complete causal link between accounting information and stock valuation, I refrain from drawing strong inferences and treat it as a puzzle. This puzzle should stimulate more research in this area in the future. Résumé. L'intuition économique veut que chaque dollar de flux d'encaisse actualisé avant impôt doive produire des bénéfices comptables supérieurs, des impôts à payer plus élevés, et des prix plus faibles des actions si l'on utilise la méthode d'épuisement successif (PEPS) plutôt que la méthode d'épuisement à rebours (DEPS) dans l'establissement du coût des stocks. Les ratios cours/bénéfices des entreprises qui utilisent la méthode PEPS devraient done être plus élevés que ceux des entreprises qui utilisent la méthode DEPS. Toutefois, l'étude empirique effectuée par l'auteur l'amène à des conclusions contraires. Cherchant des facteurs qui tendraient à renverser la situation, il examine l'incidence possible de la taille, du risque, de la classification du secteur, d'autres méthodes comptables et de perspectives de croissance éventuelle des bénéfices. Aucun de ces facteurs ne semble influer sur sa conclusion de façon significative. L'auteur n'ayant pas établi de lien de causalité définitif entre l'information comptable et l'évaluation des actions, il s'abstient de tirer des conclusions fermes et aborde plutôt la question sous forme de puzzle. Un puzzle qui devrait éventuellement stimuler la recherche dans ce domaine.