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901.
In this paper, we examine the strategic use of debt in franchise organizations. We focus on both the franchisee's and the franchisor's capital structures. The primary goal of this study is to examine whether franchisors impose limits on franchisees’ debt levels to be able to increase their own leverage. We find that the franchisor's leverage is significantly related to the maximum leverage allowed for the franchisee. As the franchisor sets an upper limit on the franchisee's debt ratio, the franchisor can raise more debt and therefore seizes tax benefits, since interest payments are tax deductible. We find that this effect is stronger in chains with larger fractions of franchised outlets. 相似文献
902.
LebensAufgabe für pflegende Angeh?rige — Die Betreuung und Pflege eines demenziell erkrankten Familienangeh?rigen stellt nahe
Bezugspersonen vor gro?e Herausforderungen. Ohne Unterstützungsangebote brechen viele unter der Last des Alltags zusammen.
Pflegekr?fte sollten daher die Belastungsgrenzen von Angeh?rigen erkennen und ihnen rechtzeitig professionelle Hilfe anbieten. 相似文献
903.
Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jan H. Kietzmann Kristopher Hermkens Ian P. McCarthy Bruno S. Silvestre 《Business Horizons》2011,(3):156
Traditionally, consumers used the Internet to simply expend content: they read it, they watched it, and they used it to buy products and services. Increasingly, however, consumers are utilizing platforms—such as content sharing sites, blogs, social networking, and wikis—to create, modify, share, and discuss Internet content. This represents the social media phenomenon, which can now significantly impact a firm's reputation, sales, and even survival. Yet, many executives eschew or ignore this form of media because they don’t understand what it is, the various forms it can take, and how to engage with it and learn. In response, we present a framework that defines social media by using seven functional building blocks: identity, conversations, sharing, presence, relationships, reputation, and groups. As different social media activities are defined by the extent to which they focus on some or all of these blocks, we explain the implications that each block can have for how firms should engage with social media. To conclude, we present a number of recommendations regarding how firms should develop strategies for monitoring, understanding, and responding to different social media activities. 相似文献
904.
The Encyclical-Letter Caritas in Veritate by Pope Benedict XVI suggests to advance towards a new conceptualization of the tenuous relationship between economics and
ethics, proposing a “new humanistic synthesis.” Where social encyclicals have traditionally justified policy proposals by natural law and theological reasoning alone,
Caritas in Veritate gives great relevance to economic arguments. The encyclical defines the framework for a new business ethics which appreciates
allocative and distributive efficiency, and thus both markets and institutions as improving the human condition, but locates
their source and reason outside the economic sphere. It places a clear accent on the ontological connectedness of the economic
and ethical dimensions of human action. It is the proper ordering of means towards the end of integral human development that
allows mankind to leave a vicious circle of consumerism and enter a virtuous circle that applies the creativity fostered by
markets. This vision implies a new model of business management that integrates considerations of vocation, purpose, and values
at a theological level. 相似文献
905.
Charter value is important in the banking industry because of its ability to reduce the moral hazard incentives that result from government-provided deposit insurance. Previous research suggests that geographic deregulation in the 1970s and 1980s increased competition and eroded charter values. Yet, a common proxy for charter value, Tobin's Q, increased significantly in the 1990s and beyond even as bank deregulation continued. We show that Tobin's Q is a poor cardinal measure of charter value though it still has merit as an ordinal measure. Our findings suggest that charter value has been declining through time, contributing to the increase in risk-taking that led to the subprime financial crisis. 相似文献
906.
The impact of the introduction and use of an informational website on offline customer buying behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J.E.M. van Nierop P.S.H. Leeflang M.L. TeerlingK.R.E. Huizingh 《International Journal of Research in Marketing》2011,28(2):155-165
Do customers increase or decrease their spending in response to the introduction of an informational website? To answer this question, this study considers the effects of the introduction and use of an informational website by a large national retailer on offline customer buying behavior. More specifically, we study a website's effects on the number of shopping trips and the amount spent per category per shopping trip. The model is calibrated through the estimation of a Poisson model (shopping trips) and a type-II tobit model (the amount spent per category per shopping trip), with effect parameters that vary across customers. For the focal retailer, an informational website creates more bad than good news; most website visitors engage in fewer shopping trips and spend less in all product categories. The authors also compare the characteristics of shoppers who exhibit negative website effects with those few shoppers who show positive effects and thus derive key implications for research and practice. 相似文献
907.
908.
Shallini S. Taneja Pawan Kumar Taneja Rajen K. Gupta 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,101(3):343-364
Owing to the growing academic and practitioner’s interest in the field of Corporate Social Responsibility, there is a need
to do a comprehensive assessment and synthesis of research activities. This article addresses this need and examines the academic
literature on Corporate Social Responsibility and Performance using a paradigmatic and methodological lens. The objective
of this article is fourfold. First, it examines the status of CSR research from its beginning especially after 1970 to year
2008 in leading academic journals and reports to assess the focus areas of research on CSR so far. Second, it analyzes the
research paradigms adopted in these research articles using the Operations Research Paradigm framework. Third, it compares
and contrasts various kinds of research articles, methodologies, and research designs used in various researches in literature.
Finally, it uncovers the implications of this study and directions for future research. 相似文献
909.
Juan José Tarí 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,102(4):623-638
This article presents a systematic literature review on quality management and social responsibility (focusing on ethical
and social issues). It uses the literature review to identify the parallels between quality management and social responsibility,
the extent to which qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods are used, the countries that have contributed most to this
area, and how the most common quality management practices facilitate social responsibility. The literature review covers
articles about quality management and social responsibility (focusing on ethical and social categories) based on a computer
search in three databases, namely ABI Inform, Emerald and Science Direct, and includes articles dealing with the subject that
were found in the lists of references of the articles found in the primary search, as well as a search in six top management
journals. The results show (1) the journals most likely to publish this type of article; (2) the range of qualitative, quantitative
and mixed methods used; (3) the most productive countries in this field; (4) the parallels between quality management and
social responsibility; and (5) how the most common quality management practices facilitate ethical behaviour and social aspects. 相似文献
910.