Equal Access to Integrated Resort Amenities for People With Disabilities

The integrated resort (IR) is a one-stop entertainment center that plays an increasing role in many gaming destinations. Despite this importance, no study has examined the visitor experiences of people with disabilities in visiting an IR. Accessible tourism calls for making it easy for all people to enjoy tourism experiences. Giving residents with disabilities a fair chance to access and participate in leisure and tourism activities will help nurture a more positive feeling towards tourism development amongst this group of people and extend it to their family members and friends. Using in-depth interviews with 32 people with disabilities in Macao, this study explores their experiences in accessing the city’s IR amenities and whether the degree of accessibility has any effects on their level of support for the gaming industry. Results indicate that people with disabilities have encountered physical, human, and economic difficulties before, during, and after their visit to an IR. Although their level of acceptance of the gaming industry remains high due to the economic benefits received from the sector, sustainable business growth requires equal opportunities and accessibility for all. Policy implications for IR operators and destination markets are discussed.     

Male nudity in advertisements: A modified replication and extension of gender and product effects

This article explores the relatively unknown effects of male nudity in print ads on selected consumer responses. A previously used experimental design that examines different model dress levels in conjunction with two different products was replicated to test dress level, respondent, and product effects. Multivariate analysis of variance results indicated that respondent gender and dress level of the model significantly affect measures of mood, attitude toward the advertiser, attitude toward the ad, and attitude toward the brand. These findings provide important information to advertisers considering using male nudity or suggestive poses in ads and provide support for oppositesex and product congruency effects found previously in other research. She received her D.B.A. from Louisiana Tech University. Her research has appeared in theJournal of Business Ethics, Journal of Health Care Marketing, and numerous conference proceedings. His research has been published in regional journals and conference proceedings. His articles have appeared in journals such as theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Journal of Advertising, Journal of Business Research, Journal of Retailing, andJournal of Business Ethics.     

X-Efficiency and Productivity Change in Australian Banking

This paper investigates X -efficiency and productivity change in Australian banking between 1995 and 1999 using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist productivity indexes. It differs from earlier studies by examining efficiency by bank type, and finds that regional banks are less efficient than other bank types. The study concludes that diseconomies of scale set in very early and hence are not a sufficient basis on which to allow mergers between large banks to proceed. Total factor productivity in the banking sector was found to have increased by an average annual 7.6 per cent between 1995 and 1999. All of the productivity increase was due to technological advance shifting out the frontier. The banking sector's performance was less efficient relative to the frontier in 1999 than it had been in 1995.     

Conceptualizing Innovation Orientation: A Framework for Study and Integration of Innovation Research*

The term innovation orientation has been frequently used in the innovation literature, but with a mix of conceptualizations and meanings. Drawing from work found in the innovation, management, and marketing literatures over the past 35 years, the concept of innovation orientation as a system is conceptualized and defined in this article. The domain of innovation orientation is delineated as a multidimensional knowledge structure and a framework for understanding innovation orientation and its consequences in an organizational context are developed. The framework defines the innovation orientation knowledge structure as composed of a learning philosophy, strategic direction, and transfunctional beliefs within an organization that define and direct the organizational strategies and actions toward specific innovation‐enabling competencies and processes. These innovation‐oriented firm competencies are in the areas of resource allocation, technology, employees, operations, and markets. The framework then explains that these appropriately developed innovation‐enabling competencies lead to innovation outcomes, specifically ideal innovation form, type, and rate that, in turn, affect firm performance. An inventory of propositions for future research that correspond to the innovation orientation concept is also presented in this comprehensive framework. This study provides two important contributions to the existing innovation literature. First, the article examines the vast innovation literature to arrive at a clear definition of the innovation orientation construct to provide a consistent conceptualization for future research. Second, the article develops a comprehensive, organized framework for understanding innovation orientation and its effects. In doing this, the framework extends the dynamic capabilities research stream by offering an explanation of how innovation orientation fosters the development of organizational competencies and makes it possible for a firm to recognize and respond to shifts in market dynamism.     

A Suggested Ethical Framework for Evaluating Corporate Mergers and Acquisitions

The 1980s witnessed a dramatic increase in hostile takeovers in the United States. Proponents argue that well- planned mergers enhance the value of the firm and the value of the firm to society. Critics typically argue that undesired takeovers ultimately harm society due to external costs not borne by the acquiring firm. To be socially responsible, the manager must consider the effects of the merger/acquisition on all stakeholders. Different traditional ethical frameworks for decision making are proposed and reviewed. A model is proposed.     

Factors that Affect the Levels of Tourists' Satisfaction and Loyalty towards Food Festivals: a Case Study of Macau

The present study investigates the factors that affect tourists' satisfaction towards food festivals and explores whether tourists intend to revisit and/or recommend food festivals to others. Based on personal interviews with 40 study subjects, eight factors that affect their satisfaction levels were identified: location and accessibility, food, venue facility, environment/ambiance, service, entertainment, timing and festival size. The majority of tourists were satisfied with the Macau Food Festival and intended to revisit and recommend it to others. The presented findings have practical implications for food festival organizers to further attract food tourists. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The paradox of strategic management accounting

The evidence that strategic management accounting (SMA) techniques have not been adopted widely and that developments in the SMA literature seem to have languished may be consistent with the relatively short lifecycle of most strategic management (SM) tools and many concepts. Nevertheless, there is an inherent contradiction between the apparent decline of SMA and the sustained growth in the number of concepts, models, tools, theoretical perspectives, disciplines, academic and professional journals and consultancy practices that populate the SM domain.This paradox of SMA is explored in the context of the evolution of the SM literature, SMA practice, as exemplified by two recent case studies, and the cognate literatures of management control, performance measurement and knowledge management. It transpires that the SMA literature is based in large part on a narrow, first-era, view of the SM literature that reached maturity with Michael Porter's industry analysis model and generic competitive strategies.The second era of SM that began in 1977 with a move to a more internal, resource-based view of the firm and competitive advantage has been mostly neglected by the extant SMA literature. However, to judge from the small number of published case studies, SMA practices are developing in line with their strategy formulation and organisational processes. The links among the bundle of techniques that are usually included in SMA and between SMA and cognate literatures need to be integrated into a coherent, cohesive framework to complement SM.     

The evolution of social media and its impact on organizations and leaders

This paper examines organizational impacts of social media on Fortune 100 companies over a 5-year period (2011–2016). Specifically, the study focuses on three broad areas of social media impact: (1) the adoption of social media platforms across industries and business models from 2011 to 2016, (2) the influence of social media adoption on the roles of the chief information officer (CIO) and chief marketing officer (CMO) and their changing relationships in companies over this time frame, and (3) the impact of social media on company strategy, governance, and the IT (information technology) and marketing functions. The results support the contention that the CMO role has evolved to meet the technology needs of the marketing function and that the relationship between the CMO and CIO has taken on greater importance. In most Fortune 100 companies in 2016, social media has transitioned to ownership by the marketing department and the CMO provides leadership for social media strategy while working closely with the CIO. This study contributes to a better understanding of the established role of social media in companies, governance structures, and the evolving roles of both the CIO and CMO in relation to social media trends. The study integrates the IT and marketing literature to provide an agenda for future work that builds on theory and establishes an ongoing cohesive research agenda.