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991.
We study a neoclassical growth model with the time preference determined by resources spent on imagining future pleasures along the line of Becker and Mulligan (Q J Econ 112:729–758, 1997). We introduce money into the economy via a cash-in-advance constraint and study the effect of higher seignorage taxes or higher monetary growth rates on capital, consumption and welfare in the long run. We find that if the fraction of investment constrained by cash is smaller than a threshold, the negative-monetary-growth Friedman (The Optimum Quantity of Money and Other Essays, 1969) rule does not hold and the optimal inflation rate is positive. Calibrating our model yields a mild optimal inflation rate per annum with a switch from zero inflation to optimal inflation creating a sizable welfare gain in terms of consumption equivalence. 相似文献
992.
993.
Nicholas Powers Allen Blackman Thomas P. Lyon Urvashi Narain 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2011,50(1):131-155
Public disclosure programs that collect and disseminate information about firms’ environmental performance are increasingly
popular in both developed and developing countries. Yet little is known about whether they actually improve environmental
performance, particularly in the latter setting. We use detailed plant-level survey data to evaluate the impact of India’s
Green Rating Project (GRP) on the environmental performance of the country’s largest pulp and paper plants. We find that the
GRP drove significant reductions in pollution loadings among dirty plants but not among cleaner ones. This result comports
with statistical and anecdotal evaluations of similar disclosure programs. We also find that plants located in wealthier communities
were more responsive to GRP ratings, as were single-plant firms. 相似文献
994.
Finance–growth nexus: does causality withstand financial liberalization? Evidence from cointegrated VAR 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alessandra Dal Colle 《Empirical Economics》2011,41(1):127-154
The main finding of the paper is that, contrary to Rousseau and Wachtel (Economic growth and financial depth. Is the relationship extinct already? UNU-Wider discussion paper no. 2005/10, 2005), a long-run equilibrium relationship between financial and economic development is identified with data up to 2006—well over the financial openness boom of the nineties—in countries whose history is characterized by numerous years of high inflation and/or episodes of crisis or other structural change. Also, financial openness, or lack thereof, proves to be an important feature both in explaining differences in sensitivity of financial development to capital accumulation and in determining the direction of causality between financial and economic development. The paper finds that bidirectional causality between economic and financial development is not as frequent an outcome as in Luintel and Khan (J Dev Econ 60:381–405, 1999), and in several cases, Joan Robinson’s (The generalization of the general theory in the rate of interest, and other essays, Macmillan, London, pp 67–142, 1952) statement on the primacy of economic development over finance is supported by the estimations. 相似文献
995.
This study identifies the main shocks that cause fluctuations in French output and their channels of transmission. It uses
a large-dimensional structural approximate dynamic factor model. There are three main findings. First, common shocks, especially
demand shocks, which seem to originate from the U.S., play an important role in explaining French economic activity. While
international trade, relative prices, and foreign direct investment (FDI) flows are the main channels of transmission, the
stock market, consumer confidence, and interest rates also matter. Second, France’s integration with the rest of the world
has increased over time. Third, there is some tentative evidence of regional components in explaining French output fluctuations;
country-specific components also contribute. The predominance of exogenous factors affecting French output, the asymmetry
in the transmission of shocks, and France’s participation in a currency area argue for making French goods, services, and
labor markets as flexible as possible. 相似文献
996.
Elisabeth Gsottbauer Jeroen C. J. M. van den Bergh 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2011,49(2):263-304
Established environmental policy theory is based on the assumption of homo economicus. This means that people are seen as fully rational and acting in a self-regarding manner. In line with this, economics emphasizes
efficient policy solutions and the associated advantages of price incentives. Behavioral economics offers alternative, more
realistic views on individual behavior. In this paper we investigate opportunities to integrate bounded rationality and other-regarding
preferences into environmental policy theory to arrive at recommendations for more effective policies. For this purpose, we
will address decisions made under risk and uncertainty, intertemporal choice, decision heuristics, other-regarding preferences,
heterogeneity, evolutionary selection of behaviors, and the role of happiness. Three aspects of environmental policy are considered
in detail, namely sustainable consumption, environmental valuation and policy design. We pay special attention to the role
of non-pecuniary, informative instruments and illustrate the implications for climate policy. 相似文献
997.
In this paper we present an endogenous growth model to analyze the growth maximizing allocation of public investment among
N different types of public capital. Using this general model of public capital formation, we analyze the stability of the
long-run equilibrium and we derive the growth-maximizing values of the shares of public investment allocated to the different
types of public capital, as well as the growth-maximizing tax rate (amount of total public investment as a share of GDP).
The empirical implication of the model is that both the effects of the shares of public investment and the tax rate on the
long-run growth rate are non-linear, following an inverse U-shaped pattern. Our analysis is completed by showing that the
growth-maximizing shares of public investment and the growth-maximizing tax rate also maximize welfare in the decentralized
economy. 相似文献
998.
Jeong-Yoo Kim 《Journal of Economics》2011,104(3):265-280
The doctrine regarding unforeseeable damages in a contract was established in the well known case of Hadley vs. Baxendale. According to the judgement, a plaintiff cannot be compensated for unforeseeable damages in an incomplete contract unless
he informs the defendant of the possible unforeseen contingency beforehand. In this paper, I extend the argument to the tort
case in which it is hardly possible to communicate between a plaintiff and a defendant before an accident occurs. In the case
of the sequential bilateral accident in which the victim’s care level is observable to the injurer, the victim’s care level
can be a signal of the unforeseen contingency. I mainly discuss the implementability of the social optimum by the contributory
negligence with dual standard of care enabling the communication between the parties. 相似文献
999.
In this article, we provide a comparative account of the evolution of private saving in India and Malaysia, and analyze how policy changes in the financial sector and pension system help explain differences in their saving performance. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds estimation procedure, we find a fairly robust long-run relationship between private saving and its determinants in both countries. Consistent with the predictions made in the life cycle model, our results indicate that higher income growth stimulates private saving and an increase in age dependency retards private saving. The results provide some support for the hypothesis that financial liberalization results in lower private saving in both countries. The evidence also indicates that expected pension benefits tend to stimulate private saving in India, but that the reverse is found in Malaysia. 相似文献
1000.
Julien Gourdon 《International Review of Economics》2011,58(4):359-383
The relationship between trade liberalization and inequality has received considerable attention in recent years. The major
purpose of this study is to present new results on the sources of wage inequalities in manufacturing taking into account South–South
(S–S) trade. Globalization has not only lead to increasing North–South (N–S) trade, but it has also changed the direction
and composition of trade as more trade is carried out among developing countries. In this study, we find that increasing wage
inequality is associated more with the South–South trade liberalization than with the classical trade liberalization with
northern countries. A part of this increasing wage inequality due to S–S trade comes from the development of N–S trade relationship
in S–S trade that increases wage inequality in middle-income developing countries. This study also seeks to shed some light
on the link between the direction of trade and technological change. We explore the fact that S–S trade leads to a technological
change biased toward skill-intensive sectors more than N–S trade. This indirect effect increases wage inequality for all developing
countries, but it is more important in low-income countries. 相似文献