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71.
ABSTRACTThis paper reviews the literature on tourism destination competitiveness from different aspects, focusing on comparative and competitive advantages. Also, the paper highlights the importance of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in tourism destinations and their increasing impact on the achievement of destination competitiveness. Thanks to the wider application of ICTs in tourism, tourists nowadays are well informed and have access to global market which creates a new dynamic environment by creating a smart demand. Since smartness emphasizes on ICT-based tools, including smartness integration for value co-creation, it can increase and enhance destination competitiveness. In this regard, special emphasis is placed on exploring the core components of smartness and smart tourism destination. 相似文献
72.
Is Corporate Responsibility Converging? A Comparison of Corporate Responsibility Reporting in the USA, UK, Australia, and Germany 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Corporate social reporting, while not mandatory in most countries, has been adopted by many large companies around the world
and there are now a variety of competing global standards for non-financial reporting, such as the Global Reporting Initiative
and the UN Global Compact. However, while some companies (e.g., Henkel, BHP, Johnson and Johnson) have a long standing tradition
in reporting non-financial information, other companies provide only limited information, or in some cases, no information
at all. Previous studies have suggested that there are, country and industry-specific, differences in the extent of CSR reports
(e.g., Kolk et al.: 2001, Business Strategy and the Environment
10, 15–28; Kolk: 2005, Management International Review
45, 145–166; Maignan and Ralston: 2002, Journal of International Business Studies
33(3), 497–514). However, findings are inconclusive or contradictory and it is often difficult to compare previous studies owing
to the idiosyncratic methods used in each study (Graafland et al.: 2004, Journal of Business Ethics
53, 137–152). Furthermore, previous studies have relied mainly on simple measures, such as word counts and page counts of reports,
to compare the extent of reporting that may not capture significant differences in the content of the reports. In this article,
we seek to overcome some of these deficiencies by using textual analysis software and a more robust statistical method to
more objectively and reliably compare the CSR reports of firms in different industries and countries. We examine a sample
of leading companies in four countries (US, UK, Australia, and Germany) and test whether or not membership of the Global Compact
makes a difference to CSR reporting and is overcoming industry and country specific factors that limit standardization. We
conclude that GlobalCompact membership is having an effect only in certain areas of CSR reporting, related to the environment
and workers, and that businesses from different countries vary significantly in the extent to which they promote CSR and the
CSR issues that they choose to emphasize in their reports. These country differences are argued to be related to the different
institutional arrangements in each country. 相似文献
73.
Marjana Čubranić-Dobrodolac Libor Švadlenka Svetlana Čičević 《International journal of injury control and safety promotion》2020,27(2):156-167
AbstractThis research proposes an assessment and decision support model to use when a driver should be examined about their propensity for traffic accidents, based on an estimation of the driver’s psychological traits. The proposed model was tested on a sample of 305 drivers. Each participant completed four psychological tests: the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), the Aggressive Driving Behaviour Questionnaire (ADBQ), the Manchester Driver Attitude Questionnaire (DAQ) and the Questionnaire for Self-assessment of Driving Ability. In addition, participants completed an extensive demographic and driving survey. Various fuzzy inference systems were tested and each was defined using the well-known Wang-Mendel method for rule-base definition based on empirical data. For this purpose, a programming code was designed and utilized. Based on the obtained results, it was determined which combination of the considered psychological tests provides the best prediction of a driver’s propensity for traffic accidents. The best of the considered fuzzy inference systems might be used as a decision support tool in various situations, such as in recruitment procedures for professional drivers. The validity of the proposed fuzzy approach was confirmed as its implementation provided better results than from statistics, in this case multiple regression analysis. 相似文献
74.
Marija Petrović-Ranđelović Aleksandar Zdravković Dušan Cvetanović Slobodan Cvetanović 《Applied economics》2020,52(16):1806-1815
ABSTRACTThis paper examines whether a long-run relationship exists between CO2 emissions and selected variables: real gross domestic product per capita, inward stock of foreign direct investments, gross fixed capital formation, industry, value added and energy use per capita for Colombia, Indonesia, Viet Nam, Egypt, Turkey and South Africa countries in the period of 1989–2016. We used panel unit root testing, followed by panel cointegration tests and panel causality. The results clearly prove the existence of a bidirectional long-run causal relationship between all the variables except between CO2 emissions and GDP and CO2 emissions and GFCF. Major finding of the short-run causality analysis is that CO2 emission in the short run does not result in changes of other variables. On the other hand, all variables except foreign direct investments (FDI) cause the changes in the CO2 emissions, and there is a positive bidirectional causal relationship between GDP and FDI, between GFCF and FDI, and between GFCF and IVA. Finally, positive unidirectional causal relationship also exists, running from GDP to IVA, GDP to ENUSE, IVA to FDI and ENUSE to FDI. 相似文献
75.
International Advances in Economic Research - 相似文献
76.
Copyrights create long‐lived intellectual property in goods ranging from science, literature, and music to news, film, and software. The economic effects of copyright, however, are difficult to identify in modern settings. This article exploits an unintended differential increase in copyright length under the UK Copyright Act of 1814—in favor of books by dead authors—to examine the effects of longer copyright terms on price. We find that a doubling in copyright length was associated with a substantial (roughly 50%) increase in the price of books. Additional years of copyright improved publishers' ability to practice intertemporal price discrimination. 相似文献
77.
Miloš Milovančević Dušan Marković Vlastimir Nikolić Igor Mladenović 《Quality and Quantity》2017,51(3):1207-1216
Number of patents may be developed on the basis on different natural and science and technological factors. Number of patents prediction based on the different factors in many countries is analyzed in this investigation. These factors represent natural and science resources. The method of ANFIS (adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system) was applied to the data in order to select the most influential factors for the number of patents prediction. Five inputs are considered: research and development (R&D) resources, natural resources, quality of academic institutions, quality of collaboration with the private sector and quality of education. As the ANFIS output, number of patents is considered. The ANFIS process for variable selection is also implemented in order to detect the predominant factors affecting the prediction of number of patents. Results show that the R&D is the most influential factor for the number of patents prediction. 相似文献
78.
After a phase of stagnation in East-West trade lasting several years, both sides have more recently been at pains to intensify economic relations between East and West, the reasons being both economic and political. What part can the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) play in this regard? 相似文献
79.
Momčilo Dobrodolac Dragan Lazarević Libor Švadlenka Milina Živanović 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》2016,28(8):935-949
We analysed how the universal postal service providers could employ their specificities to achieve an advantage over the growing competition. The basic input for the model is expert opinions. We interviewed 18 experts in five stages. As a multiple criteria decision support method, we used an analytic hierarchy process. Further, we proposed a geometric method for determining the business area where a company should focus its biggest attention to achieve the best result. By implementing the proposed model, a company should obtain two types of business directions, the first related to the proposed activities and the second to the business areas. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology, we tested and verified it in the case of the Serbian universal postal service provider which is a state-owned company called the Post of Serbia. 相似文献
80.
This paper investigates the determinants of the structural (between-sectoral) and productive (within-sectoral) transformation of 56 NUTS2 regions in Central and East European (CEE) countries over the 2008–2014 period. Over the analysed period, a transformation of the analysed regions has taken place towards the tertiary sector and high value-added activities. The results from a spatial panel Durbin analysis reveal the existence of product-space linkages and point to a productive transformation towards high technology-intensive activities as an important driver of industrial development. Equal access to digital infrastructure in urban and rural areas and transfer of skills, knowledge and resources through the inflow of foreign investment and imports of production inputs increase the contribution of manufacturing to regional employment. The effect of profit tax reductions on the share of manufacturing employment is about five times larger than the effect of government subsidies to production. 相似文献