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991.
Marsha?KatzEmail author Helen?LaVan 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》2004,16(4):195-209
Since 1964 with the enactment of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the courts have held that although Title VII prohibits discrimination because of sex, sex has been construed to mean gender, but gender and sexual orientation are different. Traditionally sexual discrimination has been interpreted to protect women in male/female encounters. Thus protection for homosexuals based on sexual orientation has not been covered. However, there are some interesting aspects to the concept of discrimination due to sexual orientation, including defining same-sex harassment as being harassment, equal opportunity harassment, and sexual stereotypes. In addition, how homosexuals may be protected under state laws, unions, company policy, and the constitution is discussed as well as protection for public sector employees. An analysis of 98 litigated cases alleging discrimination based on same sex or sexual orientation harassment led to the development of a logit model predicting future case outcomes based on case characteristics. These are type of harassment, physical contact, type of employees, and whether there was equal opportunity harassment. Implications from the study are that the issues of protection from discrimination are complex and one cannot necessarily assume that this type of discrimination is not protected. Recommendations for more effective managerial actions are provided. 相似文献
992.
Albert?MurphyEmail author Kudret?Topyan 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》2005,17(2):75-89
This paper critically surveys basic corporate governance concepts and theories, assesses recent international empirical support of theories, and analyzes the impact of major, recent corporate governance reforms in the US. Comparing representative economies identifies the essential features of different corporate governance systems. Therefore, the corporate governance structures of a few countries (England, US, Germany, and Japan) are explored. In second part of the paper, some emergent issues of corporate governance such as the impact of block holders and emergent market regulatory changes are assessed. Finally, the effectiveness of the Sarbanes-Oxley act is evaluated. 相似文献
993.
This note presents the fractional integrated processes which are the main models used to describe long memory phenomena.1 Section 1 briefly defines the concept of fractional integration, shows the fundamental properties and provides a short summary
of the estimation methods. Section 2 consists of a survey of their extensions in order to model long-term cycles. 相似文献
994.
J?rg Baetge Gerhard Schewe Roland Schulz Henrik Solmecke 《Journal für Betriebswirtschaft》2007,78(11):183-219
Im Rahmen einer übergreifenden Analyse empirischer Arbeiten wird der State-of-the-Art der Forschung zum Zusammenhang von Unternehmenskultur
und Unternehmenserfolg dargelegt. Neben der inhaltlichen Analyse des Zusammenhangs liegt der Schwerpunkt des nachfolgenden
Beitrags auf einem Review der Messung von Unternehmenskultur und Unternehmenserfolg, wie sie sich in den betrachteten Zusammenhangsanalysen
zeigt. Aufbauend hierauf werden die Grundzüge je eines Konzeptes zur Messung der Unternehmenskultur und des Unternehmenserfolges
entwickelt, welche als Ausgangsbasis verstanden werden k?nnen, um in weiterführenden Untersuchungen den Zusammenhang von Unternehmenskultur
und Unternehmenserfolg für die unterschiedlichsten Unternehmen zu bestimmen. 相似文献
995.
PER?J.?AGRELLEmail author Peter?Bogetoft J?rgen?Tind 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2005,23(2):173-201
Multi-period multi-product regulatory schemes for electricity distributors are presented, based on cost information from a productivity analysis model and an agency theoretical decision model. The proposed schemes are operational and demonstrate considerable advantages compared to the popular CPI-X revenue cap regulation. The schemes avoid arbitrariness, excessively high or negative informational rents as well as ratchet effects and they promote rapid productivity catch-up by making full use of available data. More generally, the paper contributes to the theoretical unification between firm-based Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) productivity models and micro-economic reimbursement theories.JEL Classification: D24, D82, L12, L51, L94 相似文献
996.
Igor?FilatotchevEmail author Salim?Chahine Mike?Wright Mufit?Arberk 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2005,1(4):419-439
Using a unique sample of 444 entrepreneurial IPOs in the UK and France this paper examines links between founders' characteristics,
venture capital (VC) syndication and the development of effective boards in entrepreneurial firms. It argues that VC-backed
IPOs suffer from two sets of agency problems which are related to principal-agent and principal-principal relationships between
the founders and members of the VC syndicate. The empirical evidence shows that there is a curvilinear relationship between
the intensity of founders' external ties and VC syndication. Founders' retained share ownership is negatively associated with
VC syndication. We also find that in syndicated IPOs there is a higher involvement of passive private equity firms and “business
angels” investing alongside VC firms, both in terms of their number and equity presence. VC-syndicated IPOs have more independent
boards than IPOs with no VC involvement. Board independence is negatively associated with founders' retained equity. These
results are consistent with the assumption that board independence is used to mitigate agency costs associated with VC involvement
in IPO firms. Our findings also identify significant differences in governance characteristics between the UK and France.
While French IPOs have less independent boards, they involve more VC backing in general and syndicated VC funding in particular,
than UK IPOs. 相似文献
997.
This paper empirically investigates international mergers and acquisitions (M&As) of foreign targets and bidders by analyzing
the stock price behavior of the firms involved. The jump diffusion model is employed to study the effects of the M&A announcements
on stock prices. The results indicate that acquisition announcements are perceived as a surprise by the market, but prices
seem to adjust rather rapidly, supporting the semi-strong form of the market efficiency hypothesis. In addition, a comparison
of the pure diffusion and jump diffusion models indicates that the jump diffusion model is statistically superior to the traditional
event study methodology (pure diffusion model). (JEL G34) 相似文献
998.
We develop a government decision model where efficiency wage mechanisms affect the allocation of resources between different public services. We show how the introduction of interdepartment wage relativities modifies the standard Solow wage setting conditions. We compare the outcome under centralised and decentralised wage setting, and show that a decentralised wage setting system creates a distortion. Finally, we discuss the possibility of elimination this distortion using alternative financing systems.Final version: 08 April 2003JEL Classification:
H23, J45We are grateful to Jan E. Askildsen, Daniel L. Rubinfeld, Agnar Sandmo, participants at conferences and seminars in Trondheim, Uppsala and Åsgårdstrand, and several anonymous referees for helpful comments. The second author is grateful to The Norwegian Research Council for financial support. The usual disclaimer applies. 相似文献
999.
We formalize the interplay between expected voting behavior and strategic positioning behavior of candidates as a common agency problem in which the candidates (i.e., the principals) compete for voters (i.e., agents) via the issues they choose and the positions they take. A political situation is defined as a feasible combination of candidate positions and expected political payoffs to the candidates. Taking this approach, we are led naturally to a particular formalization of the candidates' positioning game, called a political situation game. Within the context of this game, we define the notion of farsighted stability (introduced in an abstract setting by Chwe 1994) and apply Chwe's result to obtain existence of farsightedly stable outcomes. We compute the farsightedly stable sets for several examples of political situations games, with outcomes that conform to real-world observations.Received: 18 May 2001, Accepted: 22 January 2002, JEL Classification:
C7, D7, D8Myrna H. Wooders: http://www.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/Economics/wooders/An earlier version of this paper was completed while the first author was visiting the Department of Economics, University of Exeter. The first author gratefully acknowledges Exeter's support and hospitality. Similarly, the second author gratefully acknowledges the support and hospitality of the Centre for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE) of the University of Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium and of the University of Cergy-Pontoise, France. Both authors are indebted to Amrita Dhillon, John Duggan and Gilat Levy for helpful comments about references. Both authors thank an anonymous referee for helpful comments. 相似文献
1000.
Regulation Fair Disclosure (FD) has changed the information transfer process in the US securities market. We examine the impact
that regulation FD has had on earnings management and analyst forecast bias. First, we examine the accuracy of financial analysts'
earnings forecasts in the post-FD period. We find that analysts have become less accurate in forecasting earnings in the post-FD
period and tend to overestimate earnings more relative to the pre-FD period. Second, we examine the level of earnings management
after the passage of regulation FD and we find that the level of earnings management did not change after the implementation
of regulation FD 相似文献