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471.
Coordination is one of the fundamental research issues in distributed artificial intelligence and multi-agent systems. Current
multi-agent coalition formation methods present two limits: First, computation must be completely restarted when a change
occurs. Second, utility functions of the agents are either global or aggregated. We present a new algorithm to cope with these
limits. The first part of this paper presents a coalition formation method for multi-agent systems which finds a Pareto optimal
solution without aggregating the preferences of the agents. This protocol is adapted to problems requiring coordination by
coalition formation, where it is undesirable, or not possible, to aggregate the preferences of the agents. The second part
of this paper proposes an extension of this method enabling dynamic restructuring of coalitions when changes occur in the
system. 相似文献
472.
473.
This paper analyzes an overlapping generation (OLG) growth model wherein saving finances second period consumption and bequest‐as‐consumption. First, it looks at the market equilibrium and at the optimal solution; then it turns to the issue of decentralizing the optimal solution with various taxes and transfers. Depending on the available instruments, either a first‐best or a second‐best optimum can be achieved. Throughout the paper, the results are contrasted with those obtained in the standard OLG model without intergenerational transfers. 相似文献
474.
475.
476.
Philippe De Donder 《Journal of public economics》2003,87(11):2491-2505
This paper studies majority voting over quadratic taxation and investigates under which conditions marginal progressivity emerges as a voting outcome. In our model with endogenous income, there is no majority (Condorcet) winning tax schedule. We then investigate less demanding political equilibrium concepts in order to see under which conditions the set of equilibria is composed only of progressive tax functions. We follow three strategies: (i) reduction of the policy space to the tax functions that are ideal for some voter; (ii) elimination of weakly dominated strategies and the use of mixed strategies in a standard Downsian two-party competition game; (iii) assumption that political parties interact repeatedly and care about the size of their majority. Although each approach captures a different aspect of political behavior, they point to the same (simulation-based) conclusion that progressivity is more likely to emerge for most distributions of abilities and that it is actually the only possible voting outcome if the distribution is sufficiently concentrated at the middle. 相似文献
477.
Philippe Lasserre 《Asia Pacific Journal of Management》1983,1(1):72-78
Partnership under the form of joint-ventures and licensing agreements between a multinational company and a local entrepreneur has become a predominant mode of entry into growing markets of the developing world. This paper illustrates three major issues in the process of building partnerships in the international setting, namely, the strategic perspective of both parties, the selection of partners, and the negotiation of the partnership. Data for this study was drawn from an earlier investigation at the Euro-Asia Center of INSEAD. 相似文献
478.
We show that there exists a rule of deciding on random election dates, such that the solution of a welfare optimum computed on an infinite horizon, coincides with short-run economic policies chosen by a democratically elected government. 相似文献
479.
Is the monopolistic behavior of a wage setting labor union compatible, in the long and in the short run, with price stability and full employment? What is the effect, if any, of economic policies? The answers are strongly affected by the prevailing technology and by the union's objective function. With limited short run production possibilities, a short run trade-off may exist between full employment and maximum expected real wage revenues. In the long run, however, when expectations are fully adjusted, this trade-off disappears. Therefore, a labor union consistently pursuing maximum short run expected real wage revenues may not maximize long run effective real wage revenues. Price stability is granted in the long run, provided inflation is not induced by public policy. The only instrument a pure consuming government has to fight long unemployment is to reduce its share of aggregate demand. 相似文献
480.
The IASB is presently involved in a project on reporting comprehensive income. Since the IASB accounting model mixes two income determination systems, namely, historical cost accounting and fair value accounting, an interesting question pertains to whether the display of comprehensive income should reflect the existence of these two paradigms. This article scrutinizes, from both the points of view of accounting theory and a valuation perspective, the typical arguments made by proponents of historical cost net income and comprehensive fair value income. It finds that claims for exclusive reliance on a single concept of income are untenable. The analysis provides arguments in defence of an income display that explicitly features both income concepts. Such a dual income display would correspond to a categorization of comprehensive income that is currently investigated in the IASB performance reporting project. However, given the importance of summarization in financial analysis, as is most extremely reflected in the focus on the earnings per share (EPS) number, the case for a dual income display should also be considered at the highest level of summarization of financial performance reporting. In other words, mandatory publication of two EPS numbers, one for net income, and one for comprehensive income, should be considered. Possible effects on perception and actual use of financial reports that should enter such a consideration are suggested as topics for experimental research. 相似文献