那一片明媚的海

海是大自然赐给市南的最珍贵的礼物，也是青岛人最引以为豪的骄傲。青岛人会自豪地告诉你：世界上最美的海湾，在这里!     

产业外移与研发集聚--工资成本上升及其“对冲”效应分析

“中心－外围”说是经济地理与区域经济学的“要核”，经济活动的集聚会推高本地工资水平而出现产业外移的“离心力”。本文研究发现知识外溢和市场潜力可强化本地的产业“向心力”，惠及并吸纳相对倚重知识、信息和市场氛围的研发活动（产业）。这两种力的“对冲”效应及其消长得到了国内相关区域数据的证实，较好地解释了国内外普遍发生的产业外移和研发集聚现象，对我国优化区域产业布局、推动经济转型升级具有重要的战略意义和政策启示。     

Ownership Reform,Foreign Competition and Efficiency of Chinese Commercial Banks: A Non‐parametric Approach

Since China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, the pressure for bank reforms has mounted as China ought to have fully opened up its financial market to foreign competition by 2006. Efficiency is key for domestic banks to survive in a liberalised environment, but it appears that the last hope for raising bank efficiency is through ownership reform. Whether ownership reform and foreign competition can solve China's banking problem remains to be tested. This paper aims to answer this question using a non‐parametric approach to analyse the efficiency changes of 15 large commercial banks during 1998–2005. We find that ownership reform and foreign competition have forced Chinese commercial banks to improve performance, as their total factor productivity rose by 5.6 per cent per annum. This coincides with the recent bullish Chinese stock markets led by three listed state‐owned commercial banks. Despite such encouraging results, we remain cautious about the future of Chinese banks, as the good results may have been artificially created with massive government support and the fundamentals of the banks may be still weak.     

基本公共服务均等化——问题与对策

党的十六届六中全会提出了“完善公共财政制度，逐步实现基本公共服务均等化”的目标，体现了我国政府以人为本、执政为民的理念。然而我国公共服务支出不仅总量偏低，而且在城乡、区域以及财政层级间的分布也不均衡。这主要是由于各地经济发展水平的差异、政府职能转变没有到位、财政管理体制存在缺陷以及政府级次过多等原因所致。为此，本文提出了加快建设公共服务型政府、完善财政管理体制、减少政府层级等措施，以推动基本公共服务均等化的落实。     

Grafting, metham sodium, soil solarization and virtually impermeable films as alternative technologies to methyl bromide for Chinese protected tomatoes

In the frame of the Sino-ltalian Cooperation Program for Environmental Protection, jointly launched in the year 2000 by the Italian Ministry for Environment and Territory and Sea （IMETS） and the China State Environmental Protection Administration （SEPA）, experimental trials were carried out in Qingzhou city （Shandong Province, China） during 2001-2003 to test several methyl bromide alternative methods to control soilborne diseases in greenhouse tomatoes. Grafting tomatoes on resistant rootstock （Lyeopersicon lycopersicum × L. hirsutum）, metham sodium applied under traditional polyethylene plastic films; metham sodium applied at low rate under virtually impermeable films and soil sotarization combined with biocontrol agents were the alternatives tested and compared to methyl bromide applied under virtually impermeable plastic films too. Collected data show that resistant rootstock （Lycopersicon tycopersicum × L. hirsutum） introduced from Italy is a promising alternative to methyl bromide for local tomato cultivars. Metham sodium applied under traditional polyethylene plastic films is an effective alternative. Moreovez virtually impermeable films demonstrate the help to reduce methyl bromide and metham sodium rates. Finally soil solarization combined with biocontrol agents does not provide satisfactory results in terms of disease control.     

Natural estimation of variances in a general finite discrete spectrum linear regression model

The method of “natural” estimation of variances in a general (orthogonal or nonorthogonal) finite discrete spectrum linear regression model of time series is suggested. Using geometrical language of the theory of projectors a form and properties of the estimators are investigated. Obtained results show that in describing the first and second moment properties of the new estimators the central role plays a matrix known in linear algebra as the Schur complement. Illustrative examples with particular regressors demonstrate direct applications of the results.     

符合“地域特色”模式开放性实验的探索与研究

介绍了榆林学院化学与化工学院开放实验室的建设、管理与成果,探讨和分析了地方本科院校开放性实验教学的立足点,并对培养模式和优化开放性实验教学体系进行了进一步的研究。     

新型铁路客站设计建设的实践与探索

铁路客站的设计建设是一项复杂的系统工程,需要广大设计建设者在实践中不断地思考探索.根据近年来参与多项大型站房方案论证、亲历建设过程的实践体会,对设计建设中经常遇到的有关问题做了归类总结,提出建议意见,并对未来客站建设模式做了探索.     

Congestion pricing in the absence of demand functions

This paper enhances a trial-and-error implementation scheme of marginal-cost pricing on a transportation network, in the absence of explicit expression of the demand function. Link tolls and link flows are updated for the next trial with the revealed link flows for given current trial toll pattern. The method is quite simple, requiring only some function evaluations. Also, the step size is not required to be square summable, thereby leading to the improvement of the efficiency of the algorithm. The global convergence of the method is proved and some numerical results are reported to illustrate its performance.     

旅游网站及旅游电子商务盈利模式研究

旅游网站作为电子商务的门户和手段在上个世纪末网络经济风起云涌的年代曾被视为最可能盈利的电子商务手段，旅游业也曾被预见为最适合发展电子商务的行业之一。然而，经过几年的风风雨雨后，旅游网站却未能像当初想象的那样成为电子商务的“明星”，大部分旅游企业也并没有通过网络获得更多收益，拓展更多的业务。今天能够存活下来的旅游网站，也不再像当初那样高喊”埋葬传统旅行社”的口号了，而是通过与传统旅游的结合才勉强得以实现盈利。