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41.
This paper presents an alternative approach to the measurement of technical change. It is based on the latent variable level of technology that enters explicitly the input demand system and on a hypothesis about the innovation generating process. By adding measurement error equations, the behavioral system can be viewed as a Multiple Indicators/Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model. The parameter estimates are obtained with a maximum likelihood estimator which involves the implicit covariance matrix. The analysis refers to Italian agriculture and the results provide some evidence on the nature and level of technical change during the years 1961–1991. 相似文献
42.
This paper adopts a multi-commodity habit formation model to study whether unhealthy behaviors are related, i.e. whether there
are contemporaneous and inter-temporal complementarities between alcohol and tobacco consumptions in Italy. To this aim time
series data of per-capita expenditures and prices during the period 1960 to 2002 are used. Own price elasticities are negative
and tobacco appears to be more responsive than alcohol demand, although both responses are less than unity. Cross price elasticities
are also negative and asymmetric thus suggesting complementarity. A “double dividend” could then be exploited, because public
policy needs to tackle the consumption of only one good to control the demand of both. These results show that the optimal
strategy for maximizing public revenues would be to raise alcohol taxation more than tobacco taxation. Finally, past consumption
of one addictive good does not significantly reinforce current consumption of the other.
We thank participants to the Annual Conference of the European Society for Population Economics, Verona June 2006; the 61st
European Meeting of the Econometric Society, Vienna August 2006, and participants of the conference “Individual and Collective
Choices in Health Protection”, Genoa November 2005 for helpful comments. We would also like to thank, without implicating,
Pier Luigi Rizzi and two anonymous referees for helpful comments. Financial support from the University of Siena, PAR grant
(Atheneum Research Grant), is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
43.
Technology and efficiency in a panel of Italian dairy farms: an SGM restricted cost function approach 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This article employs a short‐term specification of the symmetric generalised McFadden (SGM) cost function capable of accommodating quasi‐fixed factors and variable returns. Temporary equilibrium and scale economies are investigated while maintaining the consistency of the estimated model with microeconomic theory and approximation properties. It also makes use of a two‐step procedure to estimate first the technology parameters and then time‐varying efficiency at farm level. No distributional assumptions are required on efficiency as we consider a fixed effect model. A balanced panel of Italian dairy farms during the years from 1980 to 1992 serves as the case study. The results suggest a rigid productive structure during the pre‐ and post‐quota period. Moreover, Italian milk producers are found to exhibit considerable excess capacity and rather low input technical efficiency. 相似文献
44.
Benigno Pierpaolo Canofari Paolo Di Bartolomeo Giovanni Messori Marcello 《Open Economies Review》2022,33(4):657-675
This paper uses an event-based analysis to describe how the European Central Bank’s (ECB’s) policy responses to the pandemic crisis have affected the European financial and economic system. The result of our exercise, which is based on the examination of the main measures taken by the ECB during 2020, is that these responses have positively affected the European economic system by improving banks’ lending activity and by indirectly creating room for expansionary fiscal policies in the euro area’s high-debt countries that do not have fiscal capacity.
相似文献45.
Monti Alice Pattitoni Pierpaolo Petracci Barbara Randl Otto 《Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting》2022,59(3):825-855
Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting - Based on a large panel of listed firms from 52 countries in the period 2002–2020, we investigate the relationship between corporate social... 相似文献