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101.
This article investigates the welfare effects of alternate producer collusion schemes in a context where collusion is authorized in order to cover fixed costs. Using a linear equilibrium displacement model, we find evidence that, when the producer group is allowed to control quota levels, an input quota policy entails a smaller absolute deadweight loss than an output quota policy. This finding suggests that if producer groups are allowed to resort to production-distorting instruments to limit output, they will make production choices that are less costly for society than if they had been allowed to directly control output levels. 相似文献
102.
V. Eldon Ball Jean‐Pierre Butault Carlos San Juan Ricardo Mora 《Agricultural Economics》2010,41(6):611-627
This study looks at international competitiveness of agriculture in the European Union and the United States. The most intuitive concept is that of price competitiveness. We calculate relative prices for 11 member states of the European Union and the United States for the period 1973–2002. We assume that markets are perfectly competitive and in long‐run equilibrium, so that the observed price always equals average total cost, as measured by the cost dual to the production function. This assumption is used in our calculation of relative competitiveness and productivity gaps between the European Union and the United States and in our decomposition of relative price movements between changes in relative input prices and changes in relative productivity levels. 相似文献
103.
Wladimir Raymond Pierre Mohnen Franz Palm Sybrand Schim van der Loeff 《De Economist》2006,154(1):85-105
Summary The paper studies the degree of homogeneity of innovative behavior in order to determine empirically an industry classification
of Dutch manufacturing that can be used for policy purposes. Defining homogeneity in terms of an economic model distinguishes
our classification from existing taxonomies such as those of the OECD, Pavitt and the various classifications based on a principal
components analysis. We use a two-limit tobit model with sample selection, which explains the decisions by business enterprises
to innovate and the impact these decisions have on the share of innovative sales. The model is estimated for eleven industries
based on the Dutch Standard Industrial Classification (SBI 1993). A likelihood ratio (LR) test is then performed to test for
equality of the parameters across industries. We find that Dutch manufacturing consists of three groups of industries in terms
of innovative behavior, a high-tech group, a low-tech group and the industry of wood. The same pattern shows up in the three
Dutch Community Innovation Surveys.
The empirical part of this study has been carried out at the Centre for Research of Economic Microdata at Statistics Netherlands.
The authors wish to thank Statistics Netherlands, and in particular Bert Diederen, for helping us in accessing and using the
Micronoom data set. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors. The authors also wish to thank Fran?ois
Laisney, Patrick Waelbroek and participants at presentations in Maastricht, Strasbourg, Leuven and Lille for their helpful
comments. The first author acknowledges financial support from METEOR. 相似文献
104.
In this paper we provide an estimate of the likelihood of conflict between the federal government and the Bundesbank for the 1989-1998 period. We rely on a novel proxy for the impact of public communication by Bundesbank officials on the probability of conflict, in addition to interest rate, exchange rate, money supply behavior, as well as electoral influences. The empirical evidence is consistent with the view that speeches by the Bundesbank president dealing with inflation and economic policy are a positive source of conflict in a probabilistic sense. Conflict was not a constant but flared up at times of economic stress and could be exacerbated by the “talking” of Bundesbank officials. 相似文献
105.
Optimal Monetary Policy Rules and Inflation Targets: Are Australia,Canada, and New Zealand Different from the U.S.? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Outwardly, the central banks of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the U.S. follow somewhat different approaches to controlling inflation. The U.S. does not explicitly target inflation while the other countries do. Canada and New Zealand have target bands for inflation while Australia has a point target. Results in this paper nevertheless find broad similarities in the monetary policies of these countries. Each can be described as having pursued optimal inflation targeting (explicit or implicit), with heavy interest rate smoothing, but perhaps placing little weight on output variability. We argue that interest rate smoothing is used to introduce gradualism into the response of monetary policy to inflation. We show that given heavy interest rate smoothing, a concern for output variability is redundant. 相似文献
106.
Pierre‐Richard Agnor Nihal Bayraktar Emmanuel Pinto Moreira Karim El Aynaoui 《The World Economy》2006,29(11):1519-1547
This paper presents a macroeconomic approach to monitoring progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Sub‐Saharan Africa. At the heart of our framework is a macro model which captures key linkages between foreign aid, public investment (disaggregated into education, infrastructure and health), the supply side and poverty. The model is then linked through cross‐country regressions to indicators of malnutrition, infant mortality, life expectancy and access to safe water. A composite MDG Indicator is also calculated. The functioning of our framework is illustrated by simulating the impact of an increase in foreign aid to Niger at the MDG horizon of 2015, under alternative assumptions about the degree of efficiency of public investment. Our approach can serve as the building block for Strategy Papers for Human Development (SPAHD), a more encompassing concept than the current ‘Poverty Reduction’ Strategy Papers. 相似文献
107.
Pierre Pestieau Uri M. Possen & Steven M. Slutsky 《Journal of Public Economic Theory》2004,6(2):337-374
Assuming the government cannot fully observe either individual types or incomes and jointly picks optimal taxes and audit policies against evasion can significantly alter standard results from optimal income taxation and tax‐evasion models, which treat these separately. We consider this when individuals differ in their risk preferences and incomes. Given the resulting complexity, supplementing analytic results with numerical analysis helps explain the structure of the resulting policies and how they change when the distribution of income or the revenue requirements of the government change. We do this analysis with and without audit errors and with incomes exogenous or affected by occupational choice. 相似文献
108.
109.
U-commerce: Expanding the universe of marketing 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Richard T. Watson Leyland F. Pitt Pierre Berthon George M. Zinkhan 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2002,30(4):333-347
This article introduces several new concepts that lay the conceptual foundation for thinking about next-generation marketing
based on ubiquitous networks. U-commerce, orüber-commerce, is predicated on the characteristics of network ubiquity, universality, uniqueness, and unison. It is proposed
that the keys to managing network-driven firms are the concepts of u-space and attention analysis. The implications for next-generation
marketing in the u-space are explored, with a research agenda identified for scholars and managerial implications recognized
for practitioners.
Richard T. Watson is the J. Rex Distinguished Chair for Internet Strategy and the director of the Center for Information Systems Leadership
in the Terry College of Business, University of Georgia. He has published in leading journals in several fields as well as
authored books on data management and electronic commerce and given invited seminars in nearly 20 countries. He is vice president
of communications of AIS and recently finished a term as a senior editor ofMIS Quarterly. He is a visiting professor at Agder University College, Norway, and a consulting editor to John Wiley & Sons.
Leyland F. Pitt is a professor of marketing in the School of Marketing, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia. He is also adjunct
professor of marketing at Kingston Business School, United Kingdom; the University of Lulea, Sweden; and the Ecole Nationale
Ponts et Chaussees in Paris. He has also taught marketing and electronic commerce on M. B. A. and executive programs at schools
such as Warwick Business School, London Business School, the Graduate School of Business at Columbia University, and the Graham
School of Continuing Studies at the University of Chicago. Dr. Pitt is the author of more than 100 papers in scholarly journals,
and his work has appeared in publications such asCalifornia Management Review, Sloan Management Review, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Information Systems Research,
Journal of Advertising Research, Communications of the ACM, andMIS Quarterly (for which he also served as associate editor).
Pierre Berthon is an associate professor of marketing at Bentley College. He has held academic positions at Columbia University, Henley
Management College, Cardiff University, and University of Bath. His teaching and research focus on electronic commerce, market
information processing, organization and strategy, and management decision making.
George M. Zinkhan is the Coca-Cola Company Chair of Marketing at the University of Georgia. After receiving his doctorate at the University
of Michigan, he served on the faculty at both the University of Houston and the University of Pittsburgh. His main research
focus is on the areas of communication, advertising, and electronic commerce. His recent coauthored books includeElectronic Commerce: A Strategic Perspective (2000) andConsumers (2002). 相似文献
110.
The paper gives sufficient conditions for the existence of an equilibrium with price rigidities and quantity rationing where: (i) demand is never rationed; (ii) net trades of an a priori chosen numeraire are never rationed; and (iii) supply is rationed only when relative prices are downward rigid. 相似文献