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41.
The Trade Restrictiveness Index (TRI) by Anderson and Neary (1994) is an index number aggregating trade distortions in the context of a small open economy. A liberalization process which allows trade in goods not traded in previous periods, implies different sets of goods in the two successive periods over which the TRI is defined; this may introduce a bias, inherent in index numbers. This paper attempts a refinement of the standard TRI to allow for the presence of newly traded goods in the definition of the index. In addition, an implementable expression of the refined TRI is provided. 相似文献
42.
We introduce a new preference structure—age‐dependent increasing risk aversion (IRA)—in a three‐period overlapping generations model with borrowing constraints, and examine the behavior of equity premium in this framework. We find that IRA preferences generate results that are more consistent with U.S. data for the equity premium, level of savings and portfolio shares, without assuming unreasonable levels of risk aversion. We find that the relative difference between the two risk aversions (how much more risk‐averse old agents are relative to the middle‐aged) matters more than the average risk aversion in the economy (how much more risk‐averse both cohorts are). Our findings are robust with respect to a number of model generalizations. 相似文献
43.
We define areas with strong geographic ties to powerful politicians as politically vibrant and show that they are characterized by greater value-relevant information generation and symptomatic of equity market segmentation. Political vibrancy entails greater levels of local bias and local comovement and has two important return predictability implications. First, it enhances local institutions’ informational advantages; their trades’ ability to forecast local stock returns exceeds that of nonlocal institutions. Second, in support of the view that information diffuses slowly into prices, stock returns of firms from politically vibrant areas predict returns of similar firms in other areas. 相似文献
44.
International law prescribes that in a cross-border acquisitionof 100% of the target shares, the target firm becomes a nationalof the country of the acquiror, and consequently subject toits corporate governance system. Therefore, cross-border mergersprovide a natural experiment to analyze the effects of changesin corporate governance on firm value. We construct measuresof the change in investor protection in a sample of 506 acquisitionsfrom 39 countries. We find that the better the shareholder protectionand accounting standards in the acquiror's country, the higherthe merger premium in cross-border mergers relative to matchingdomestic acquisitions. 相似文献
45.
46.
The Impact of Employees' and Managers' Training on the Performance of Small‐ and Medium‐Sized Enterprises: Evidence from a Randomized Natural Experiment in the UK Service Sector 下载免费PDF全文
We investigate the relationship between employees' and managers' training and firm performance using a policy intervention that randomly assigned training support to small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises in the UK accommodation and food service sector. Because the number of firms self‐selected into training exceeded available places, training was randomly assigned to some firms, resulting in a randomized natural experimental design that allowed us to identify the average effect of training on treated firms. Our empirical results suggest that employees' training had a stronger positive impact on firms' labour productivity and profitability than that of managers'. 相似文献
47.
Anastasia Koutsomanoli-Filippaki Dimitris Margaritis Christos Staikouras 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2012,37(3):277-293
We employ the directional technology distance function approach and present estimates of profit efficiency in the 25 European
Union (EU) member states over the period 1998–2008. This method decomposes profit efficiency into its technical and allocative
components. We investigate potential efficiency differences across the old EU region and the new EU member states, across
countries and across banks of different size. Our results indicate a significant level of profit inefficiency for the EU region,
which is predominantly attributed to allocative inefficiency. Our findings also suggest that banks operating in the old EU
region are, on average, more profit efficient than credit institutions in the new EU member states. Overall, we observe considerable
variation of efficiency scores across countries and different patterns in efficiency change over time, as well as a negative
relationship between bank size and efficiency. 相似文献
48.
49.
Christos Kotsogiannis 《International Tax and Public Finance》2010,17(1):1-14
Recent work has shown that a system of equalization grants can neutralize the efficiency loss caused by tax competition among
lower-level governments. These models, however, ignore the vertical tax externalities that occur when the federal and lower-level
governments levy taxes on the same base. This paper incorporates equalization grants into a standard capital tax competition
model in which there are horizontal tax externalities between jurisdictions and vertical tax externalities between the levels
of government. It is shown that, even in the presence of vertical tax externalities, an efficient level of lower-level government
taxation can be achieved with a modifying version of a standard equalization grant formula. 相似文献
50.
John Doukas Christos Pantzalis & Sungsoo Kim 《Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting》1999,10(1):1-23
This paper examines the nature of the relationship between corporate intangible assets and the multinational network structure of the firm. Specifically, the question addressed in this paper is whether the nature of corporate intangible assets determines the mode of geographic expansion of the MNC. The interactive effects between the level and type of corporate intangibles and the foreign expansion path of MNCs are also examined. Based on the analysis of 362 MNCs, representing 88 three-digit SIC industries, the results of this study show that R&D-intensive MNCs maintain substantially more geographically diversified and less geographically focused operating networks than advertising-intensive MNCs. Furthermore, R&D-intensive MNCs' foreign investments create more value through geographic diversification, while non-R&D-intensive MNCs benefit the most by increasing the geographic focus of their foreign investment activities. We also document that MNCs without significant levels of technology know-how and marketing based intangible assets can benefit the most from geographic-focused rather than geographic-diversified foreign business operations. 相似文献