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排序方式: 共有250条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
71.
Ourania Karakosta Christos Kotsogiannis Miguel-Angel Lopez-Garcia 《International Tax and Public Finance》2014,21(1):29-49
This paper identifies conditions under which, starting from any tax-distorting equilibrium, destination- and origin-based indirect tax-harmonizing reforms are potentially Pareto improving in the presence of global public goods. The first condition (unrequited transfers between governments) requires that transfers are designed in such a way that the marginal valuations of the global public goods are equalized, whereas the second (conditional revenue changes) requires that the change in global tax revenues, as a consequence of tax harmonization, is consistent with the under/over-provision of global public goods relative to the (modified) Samuelson rule. Under these conditions, tax harmonization results in redistributing the gains from a reduction in global deadweight loss and any changes in global tax revenues according to the Pareto principle. And this is the case independently of the tax principle in place (destination or origin). 相似文献
72.
Market Inertia and the Introduction of Green Products: Can Strategic Effects Justify the Porter Hypothesis? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
If, according to Porter’s hypothesis, a “greener” strategy is more profitable, why may its implementation need regulatory intervention? We present a repeated Cournot duopoly where the market may exhibit inertia towards the adoption of even cost-efficient environmental goods. With consumers recognizing that a product is green only with a time lag, if a firm unilaterally adopts the green product initially loses profit due to (a) increased costs (direct effect) and (b) reduced market share (strategic effect). By imposing simultaneous adoption, regulation eliminates (b), thus enhancing long-run profitability. Through a similar mechanism a government can increase its domestic firms’ international market share and profits by forcing them to simultaneously adopt the green product. 相似文献
73.
The earnings gap between each of Whites, Asians, and Blacks is decomposed into the effects on earnings of productivity-related characteristics, wage discrimination and occupational segregation. Unlike previous Canadian studies, this paper analyses the relative economic position of both immigrant and native-born visible minorities and explicitly incorporates the effect of discrimination in occupational attainment on the earnings gap. The results indicate that policies aimed at increasing the ethnic representation across occupational categories would be effective only for Black men. Anti-discrimination legislation aimed at decreasing the earnings gap between visible minority and White women should have a dual focus: they should aim at reducing the inter-occupational wage discrimination; they should provide training programs to extend the career ladders confronting ethnic minority women. 相似文献
74.
Services literature has extensively examined the effects of core service and relational benefits on behavioral outcomes arguing that both components, studied separately, contribute significantly to customer satisfaction and loyalty. However, an integrative examination of the relative importance of both core service and relational benefits is missing. This study examines the combined impact of an extended typology of core service and relational benefits on satisfaction and relational outcomes. One qualitative and one quantitative study are conducted within a banking context. Findings confirm a more extensive typology of relational benefits and reveal that competence (part of the trust benefit) and convenience significantly affect satisfaction; however, when core service is introduced to the model, the effect of relational benefits ceases to be significant. Several future research opportunities for an integrated service benefits approach are identified; and implications for managers on how to allocate their efforts across the various types of service benefits are discussed. 相似文献
75.
Andros Gregoriou Christos Ioannidis Len Skerratt 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2005,32(9-10):1801-1826
Abstract: The generally accepted factors that determine the bid‐ask spread are volatility, trading volume and market value ( Atkins and Dyl, 1997 ; Glosten and Harris, 1988 ; and Menyah and Paudyal, 2000 ). Following Kim and Verrecchia (1994) we include a measure of the disagreement in analysts' earnings forecasts in our model of the bid ask spread. This measure serves as a proxy for the informational disadvantage of market makers with respect to informed traders. Market makers respond to the additional risk by increasing the bid‐ask spread. We find that the disagreement amongst analysts is significant for horizons up to and including six months (and with the hypothesised sign) in explaining FTSE 100 company spreads, rendering strong empirical support for our model. 相似文献
76.
This paper uses a gravity model to forecast the potential impact on trade balances and trade patterns of the 2004 EU enlargement. The results suggest that gross trade creation for the accession economies is about 25 per cent of their 2003 trade. Although membership of the EU creates trade it also results in trade diversion; that is, a declining share of accession country exports and imports with non‐EU15 countries. Overall, the trade balances of the accession countries suffer larger trade deficits after accession due to import growth surpassing export growth. The extent of increase in the trade deficit due to accession is inversely related to the level of integration and income of the new members. Hence integration is path‐dependent and the EU should take this into account when preparing for further enlargements to the Balkans and Southeast Europe. 相似文献
77.
We analyze credence goods markets in the case of two firms. Consumers know that the quality of the good varies but do not
know which firm is of high quality. First, we show that the high quality producer may be unable to monopolize the market,
or even to survive in some cases, in situations where it is efficient and trusted by all consumers. Second, although a label
restoring full information improves welfare, it may also reduce both firms’ profits by intensifying competition. Since even
the high quality producer may not wish to label its product, in such cases the label must be mandatory. Third, an imperfect
label which moves everybody’s beliefs closer to the truth without restoring full information may produce adverse results on
market structure and welfare, either by increasing or by reducing the variance of beliefs.
相似文献
78.
Governments are confronted with the growing realization that they face fiscal limits on the size of debt and deficits relative to GDP. These fiscal limits invalidate Bohn's criterion for fiscal sustainability, which allows explosive debt relative to GDP, eventually violating any fiscal limit. We derive restrictions on a fiscal rule, necessary for the government to eliminate explosive behavior. These restrictions require that the response of the primary surplus to debt be relatively strong, and that the primary surplus be cointegrated with both debt and output. We test these empirical implications for a panel of eleven EMU countries, and find that they are satisfied, implying that fiscal policy does not create explosive behavior. 相似文献
79.
Christos Kollias Nikolaos Mylonidis Suzanna-Maria Paleologou 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2012,36(1):136-147
Both the goods market hypothesis and the portfolio balance theory, suggest a nexus between exchange rates and stock prices,
albeit with a different direction of causality. This paper, using daily data, takes up the issue of the linkages between stock
prices and exchange rates in the case of the euro-dollar rate and two composite European stock market indices: the FTSE Eurotop
300 and FTSE eTX All-Share Index. It addresses the causal ordering issue between the two markets using rolling unit root,
cointegration and Granger causality tests. This methodological approach allows for the emergence of a clearer picture of the
possible dynamic linkages between exchange rates and stock prices. The empirical results provide evidence of time-varying
causality between the two markets. 相似文献
80.
Abstract In this paper we examine the stock price effect of changes in the composition of the FTSE 100 over the time period of 1984–2001. Like the S&P 500 listing studies, we find that the price and trading volume of newly listed firms increases. The evidence is consistent with the information cost/liquidity explanation. This is because investors hold stocks with more available information, implying that they have lower trading costs. This explains the increase in the stock price and trading volume of newly listed stocks to the FTSE 100 List. We find the reverse effect for the deletions from the FTSE 100. 相似文献