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761.
Robert Polk adjunct professor Richard E. Plank Associate Professor of Marketing Acting Director of the Integrated Supply Management Program David A. Reid Associate Professor of Marketing the Interim Director for the Center for Sales Business Marketing 《Industrial Marketing Management》1996,25(6):531-543
Following a methodology similar to the one used in Cooper's NewProd studies, this study examines the impact of technical risk on the ability to predict new product success in high technology business markets. Cooper's original 48 new product characteristics along with 10 new items measuring technical risk are used in examining 406 actual industrial new product success and failures. The findings show the importance of the addition of technical risk assessment in predicting the potential success or failure of new high technology industrial products. 相似文献
762.
Edward B. Roberts David Sarnoff Professor of Management of Technology Todd A. Senturia Consultant 《Industrial Marketing Management》1996,25(6):491-506
Two traditional models of global expansion were evaluated in an exploratory effort to explain the globalization patterns of emerging high-technology companies. In-depth field interviews were conducted with 19 Massachusetts-based companies that supply software or peripheral products for desktop computing to explore: their timing and aggressiveness in entering markets outside of North America; their structures and patterns for expansion; and their success. Sampled companies report nondomestic revenues ranging from 6% to 58% of their totals. Statistical analyses of “globalization success,”, defined here as how quickly a company achieves substantial percentage of revenues from nondomestic markets, support an integrated model of globalization that combines a cluster of other influences with elements of Vernon's specific product cycle model and aspects of the more generic internationalization process models. In accordance with Vernon, high-tech products are developed primarily for the home market but are soon transferred overseas, more slowly to “lagging markets.” In contrast with Vernon, many different selling arrangements are employed, and overseas production does not follow for most high-tech firms. In accordance with the general internationalization theory, when high-tech companies perceive foreign markets as risky they proceed cautiously, often using outside specialists to facilitate market entry and increase their involvement over time as their familiarity increases. But in contrast with this, many high-tech firms, especially the most successful, do not even perceive such riskiness and do not exhibit such caution. Unrelated to either of those two models, and building upon the work of Ragman et al.[1], globalization success is most strongly linked to how aggressively senior management allocates internal resources to developing an overseas business model that approximates the company's u.S. model of selling/distributing. External environmental forces, too, such as the varied adoption rates of the underlying desktop computing platforms themselves as well as regulatory factors, also affect globalization of high-tech products and companies. 相似文献
763.
Consistent with two models of imperfect competition in the labor market—the efficient bargaining model and the monopsony model—we provide two extensions of a microeconomic version of Hall's framework for estimating price‐cost margins. We show that both product and labor market imperfections generate a wedge between factor elasticities in the production function and their corresponding shares in revenue, which can be characterized by a ‘joint market imperfections parameter’. Using an unbalanced panel of 10,646 French firms in 38 manufacturing industries over the period 1978–2001, we can classify these industries into six different regimes depending on the type of competition in the product and the labor market. By far the most predominant regime is one of imperfect competition in the product market and efficient bargaining in the labor market (IC‐EB), followed by a regime of imperfect competition in the product market and perfect competition or right‐to‐manage bargaining in the labor market (IC‐PR), and by a regime of perfect competition in the product market and monopsony in the labor market (PC‐MO). For each of these three predominant regimes, we assess within‐regime firm differences in the estimated average price‐cost mark‐up and rent sharing or labor supply elasticity parameters, following the Swamy methodology to determine the degree of true firm dispersion. To assess the plausibility of our findings in the case of the dominant regime (IC‐EB), we also relate our industry and firm‐level estimates of price‐cost mark‐up and extent of rent sharing to industry characteristics and firm‐specific variables respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
764.
The volume of China’s high-technology exports has grown sharply since the implementation of its export promotion strategy "Revitalizing Trade through Science and Technology" in 1999.This paper investigates whether technology spillover effects are greater for hightechnology exports than for primary manufactured goods exports.We present a generalized multi-sector spillover model to identify both between spillover effects from exports towards non-exporters and within-spillover effects among export sectors.Using panel data for 31 provinces in China over the period from 1998 to 2005,we find that although high-technology export sectors have higher productivity compared with other sectors,this productivity advantage does not lead to technology spillover to both domestic sectors and other export sectors,and export technology spillover mainly derives from traditional export sectors rather than high-technology export sectors.As such findings can be largely attributed to the fact that China’s high-technology exports depend significantly on processing trade by foreign- invested firms,policy implications are discussed in relation to how to best promote the role of China’s high-technology exports during economic expansion. 相似文献
765.
766.
767.
适中论 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
肖纪美 《国际技术经济研究》1999,2(2):1-8
当代的主调是和平与发展;在这个当代,本文尝试从人文、社科、科技三个方面共十个命题,论述一个观点,“为了适,必须中”:(1)人文思考——哲理,历史;(2)社科评价——政治运动,宣传导向,经济体制,收获递减律;(3)科技分析——数学的极值,系统工程的优化技术,材料物理的能量学与动力学分析,功能(性能、才能)过剩 相似文献
768.
The Tourism Policy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article defines and explores the need for tourism policy. It considers the design of such a policy in terms of the development of tourism, the policy's aims and its relation to institutions and levels of development in various countries, before setting forth main guidelines. The article then applies this understanding of tourism policy to the example of Italy, emphasizing the supply of facilities, the demand on them, and the effect of government policy on tourism. The paper concludes by affirming the value of tourism policy both as a link between economic practice and theory and as an example of the world's governance by economic ideas. 相似文献
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770.
中国经济的现状和发展前景,是国人普遍关心的大问题。本文从辩证法和实证的观点出发,对几项宏观经济指标及其反映的问题,对经济发展的特点、机遇及挑战,对发展前景,进行了分析和研究,提出了几点政策性建议。诸如,大力发展中小企业、三资企业,使之成为国民经济新的增长点,强化宏观经济政策的落实力度,等等 相似文献