Impact of empathy with nature on pro-environmental behaviour

Existing studies show the role of empathy with nature in improving attitudes toward the environment. This article demonstrates that induced empathy with nature can improve environmental behaviours and commitments. We find that environmental commitment and behaviour are positively affected by empathy with nature and establish a causal model between empathy with nature and pro-environmental behaviour. We further investigate the relationship between self-construal (interdependent or independent), empathy with nature (existing or non-existing) and pro-environmental behaviour. The results indicate that participants who have empathy with nature display stronger pro-environmental behaviour, particularly in the private domain. Commitment to the environment plays a mediating role in this relationship and self-construal plays a moderating role. Specifically, for individuals with interdependent self-construal, empathy with nature promotes pro-environmental behaviour, whereas for individuals with independent self-construal, empathy with nature has no statistically significant effect on pro-environmental behaviour.     

Uniform pricing effect: The influence of uniform pricing on product value judgement and purchase intention

Uniform pricing, which is a pricing strategy that sets a unified price for all products in the store or all products in the same category, is becoming increasingly popular over the past decades. However, scarce attention has been paid to investigating its impact on consumer behaviour. This research investigates the influence of uniform pricing on product value judgements and purchase intentions. Four studies demonstrate that uniform pricing (vs. non-uniform pricing) could induce stronger promotion perception, which leads to more positive product value judgements and purchase intentions. Moreover, price sensitivity and product involvement moderate this effect, and this effect only exists for high price-sensitive consumers and low product involvement consumers.     

Income distribution and unequal gains from trade

This paper studies welfare gains from trade in a tractable model with a nonhomothetic preference over product quality. We show that the welfare changes due to trade shocks are unequal across consumers and derive a parsimonious formula to measure these welfare changes as in Arkolakis et al. (2012, American Economic Review, 102, 94–130). We find that the welfare changes are larger for consumers with lower income. Moreover, this paper shows that the welfare implications are different between a change in (iceberg-type) variable trade cost and a change in tariff when tariff revenue matters. More importantly, we show that the difference varies across consumers with different income levels.     

Does it matter where you invest? The impact of foreign direct investments on domestic job creation and destruction

This study examines how foreign direct investment (FDI) affects domestic employment by using unique division-level data of Japanese firms. Contrary to most previous studies focusing on the effect of FDI on net employment growth, we decompose it into job creation (JC) and job destruction (JD) for each individual firm. We find that FDI destination plays an important role: FDI to Asia increases JC, whereas FDI to Europe/North America decreases it; furthermore JD decreases, regardless of FDI destination. A frictional search-and-matching model with heterogeneous jobs can explain the differential effects. The model provides additional predictions on JC and JD by job type, which are also empirically confirmed.     

紫花鸢尾的细胞学研究

本文报道了紫花鸢尾体细胞的染色体数目,除观察到正常的 2 倍体2n=24外,还发现有 2n=23,2n=22 等非整倍性变异,核型公式为:K(2n)=2x=24=6m+6sm+8st+4t,核型为“3B”型,核型不对称系数为 73.35％,染色体相对长度组成为:2n=24=4L+4M_2+·14M_1+2s,染色体总体积为 73.05μm~3。     

封育措施对呼伦贝尔草甸草原区草地生产力的影响

目的 研究围封条件下植物群落中物种变化的分布特征,有助于解释退化草地在不同围封阶段演替规律。方法 文章以温性草甸草原为研究对象,采用野外定位随机采样方法,调查群落生物量、植物物种种类、密度、盖度及高度,探讨时间尺度封育状态下的温性草甸草原植物群落特征、物种多样性的变化。结果 （1）封育措施显著增加了群落盖度,比围栏外的自由放牧样地提高了13.79%~114.75%,且随着封育年限的增加群落盖度表现出先增加后降低;而封育措施对群落密度没有显著性影响。（2）封育显著增加了植被地上生物量、地下生物量以及禾草生物量,其中地上生物量较围栏外的自由放牧样地提高了66%~887.3%,禾草生物量和地上生物量均随着封育年限的增加表现出先增加—降低—增加—降低的波动变化,地下生物量在监测年份下表现为先增加后降低的变化;封育措施可以提升植物多样性,随着封育年限的增加,多样性指数和丰富度指数呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势。结论 封育措施可以显著提高草地生产力,并且对物种多样性也有一定的促进作用,是应对退化温性草甸草原恢复的有效措施,但退化草地在长期围封后,应进行适度利用来维持较高的生产力。     

大城市边缘区土地利用变化与社会经济发展关系分析——以北京市平谷区为例

大城市边缘区是城市化最敏感、变化最大、最迅速的地区,也是土地利用变化最显著的地区,研究大城市边缘区土地利用变化时空过程及其驱动机制,对实现大城市自身可持续发展具有重要意义。该文采用数理统计与综合分析方法,对北京市平谷区土地利用动态变化及其与GDP、产业结构、消费结构、城镇化以及人口等社会经济发展因素的关系进行了分析。研究结果表明:1996~2004年,平谷区农用地面积持续减少,其中耕地减少较多,园地增长速度较快,林地略有减少。建设用地持续增加,其中交通用地增长速度最快。平谷区的土地利用变化与经济增长、产业升级、城镇化发展、消费结构变化以及人口增长具有显著的相关性,社会经济发展是土地利用变化的主要驱动因素。节约集约土地,提高土地利用效率,调整土地利用结构,促进产业优化升级,保障服务首都北京功能和平谷区域社会经济发展成为平谷区土地利用的必然要求。     

经济转型过程中中长期信贷资源配置研究

本文重点分析了我国目前经济失衡的根本原因,讨论了面对经济下行压力稳定增长的路径选择,研究了在我国经济结构转型升级过程中中长期信贷资源优化配置的关键作用,并从贯彻国家战略政策、充分发挥开发性金融作用、发挥外部监管和内部控制重要作用等角度提出了对策建议。