一代巨擘褒与贬

作为结构现实主义国际关系理论的创始人和领军人物,肯尼思·沃尔兹的学术思想影响既深且远,却不像表面上那么容易理解。他对传统国际关系理论进行了科学改造,单枪匹马地改变了国际关系学科的面貌,却又坚决反对科学实证主义。他的理论因其高度简约、针对性强以及拒绝具体预测而备受诟病,沃尔兹却不为所动,绝不放松对科学理论的严苛要求。在明智的利益和谨慎的权力等原则指引下,一位貌似崇尚实力的现实主义者却成了现实国际政治中的温和派。     

国际议程设置:一种初步分析框架

作者系统梳理了新闻传播学、政治学及国际政治学的相关议程设置理论,在此基础上提出国际议程设置的理论框架,指出国际议程设置是相关行为体通过议题选择与界定、冲突拓展与利益动员以及议程切入点的选择,最终将其关注的议题列入国际议程的过程。在这一过程中,不仅传统的国家行为体是重要的参与者,而且非国家行为体——例如媒体、专家群体、倡议团体乃至个人——都是重要的参与者。如果议题发起者能够成功吸引足够多的参与者,建立起立体式的议题联盟网络,那么其成功设置国际议程的可能性将大大增强。国际议程设置是国际权力博弈的第二张面孔,它决定了什么议题可以进入国际议程,什么议题被排除在国际议程之外。     

另一个世界是可能的——后危机时代的中国与世界发展

近几十年来,世界面临发展困境。发展中国家的发展困境削弱了世界经济的社会基础,让整个世界都面临发展困境,也使得危机的根源难以消除。世界性的发展困境主要源于美国对世界发展模式的塑造。美国通过国际组织以及理念输出等方式,用新自由主义的发展模式改造了发展中国家,阻碍了发展中国家的国家构建之进程。国家构建的缺失使得发展中国家既无力应对国际政治经济的挑战,也无力整合国内政治经济秩序。在后危机时代,美国相对衰落,而中国的迅速发展使得中国成为发展中国家的效仿对象;中国国家实力的增强也制约了美国新自由主义发展模式的推广;中国的成功还让世界有了不同的发展理念。因此,后危机时代的中国为世界提供了另外一种选择,为陷入困境的发展中国家与世界经济提供了新机会。     

Leader Development Through Reading and Reflection

The current investigation serves to assess the usefulness, lessons learned, and leader development of eight male students in a senior level university leadership class based on reading and reflection. Thematic analysis of participants’ responses revealed three major themes to explain students’ lessons learned in leader development through journaling: (a) Relationship Development, (b) Technical Skill Development, and (c) Awareness Development. Support exists for the effectiveness of reading and reflection as a pedagogical tool for leader lesson development with a college‐age sample.     

The Savings Ratio and Financial Repression in Trinidad and Tobago *

This paper investigates the hypothesis financial repression in the context of the Determinates of the private savings ratio in Trinidad and Tobago, using the Multivariate, cointegration time-series methodology. Four alternative proxies are Used to represent financial repression, including the real interest rate, the real interest Rate differential between the world and domestic economy and two alternative Measures of exchange rate misalignment, We find that there is strong evidence to Support the hypothesis of financial repression in Trinidad and Tobago over the sample Period and that financial liberalization may significantly enhance the growth of real Per capita income. [E2, F4, O1]     

A Re-Examination of the Linder Hypothesis: A Random-Effects Tobit Approach

This paper examines one of the main theories of international trade, the Linder hypothesis, using data from the OECD countries. The paper makes two primary contributions. First, significant empirical evidence is found in support of Linder's hypothesis regarding demand similarity for 18 of the 19 OECD countries under investigation here. Second, the use of a censored dependent variable in this analysis corrects a major methodological shortcoming in the existing literature by including data on all potential trading partners, even when the given OECD country has a zero or negative desire to export to that potential trading partner. [F10]     

Exchange Rate Arrangements Among Sticky and Flexible Price Countries: Implications for some Asia-Pacific Economies

The present paper examines a two-country model one with flexible wage and prices (which seems to characterize most high performance East Asian economies), and the other with sticky wage and prices. Wage and prices often "over-shoot" in the flexible wage economy. The impacts of fixed and floating exchange rage regime on the flexible wage economy is typically different. A fixed (floating) exchange rate regime is superior for financial (real or technological) shocks. [F31]     

Incomplete contracts And Vertically Integrated Multinational Enterprises

This paper conducts an empirical analysis of intra-firm trade for vertically integrated multinational enterprises (VMNEs). Within the context of incomplete contracts, the study attempts to explain cross-industry variations in the relative importance of intra firm trade. Using data for U.S. based multinationals from 1989 to 1996, it is found that the shares of U.S. intra-firm exports and imports are positively related to the non contractible a activities of U.S. intra-firm while they are negatively related to the non contractible activities of foreign affiliates. [F23, f10, L22]     

Habits And Durability In Consumption And The Effects Of Exchange Rate Policies

The effects of exchange rate policies are worked out in a model in which consumption goods are durable, and money enters the utility function. The interaction of habits and durability results in a non-monotonic adjustment of consumption expenditures, and the current account. As money does not exhibit durability, its dynamics are montonic, and determined mainly by habits effects. Hence, an increase in the rate of depreciation of the domestic currency will very likely lead to a nomonotonic adjustment of consumption and the current account, while the adjustment of real money holdings will be monotonic [F31, F32, F41]     

Entrepreneurial Selection,Financial Markets,and Patterns of International Trade

This paper introduces entrepreneurial selection and imperfect financial markets to the 2x2x2 model of international trade. Entrepreneurs are heterogeneous in ability and borrow from banks who do not observe their ability. The pattern of international trade depends on (1) factor abundance, (2) endogenously determined productivity, and (3) endogenously determined financial market imperfections. We show that entrepreneurial selection results in a diminished Rybczynski effect and financial market imperfections further reduce the effect; hence differences in capital abundance imply a smaller trade volume than predicted by the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem. The results help to resolve a conflict between the Heckscher-Ohlin model and data. [F11]