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排序方式: 共有302条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Rainer Vosskamp 《Economic Systems Research》1999,11(3):213-232
This paper presents a micro-to-macro model which connects an input–output model with price-dependent input coefficients and basic elements of industrial economics. This enables the determination of the most important variables on the micro, meso and macro levels, and, in particular, the determination of market structure and economic structure. On the basis of the model, we discuss the various intra-industry and interindustry impacts of process innovation. The results show the importance of considering heterogeneity of firms and sectors. 相似文献
52.
Kurt Hornik Rainer Jankowitsch Manuel Lingo Stefan Pichler Gerhard Winkler 《Financial Markets and Portfolio Management》2010,24(3):271-287
In this study, we empirically analyze the determinants of heterogeneity in rating assessments across different segments of
the European loan market. We conduct a benchmarking analysis using rating information on European corporate obligors from
nine major Austrian banks that have a large share of foreign lending, particularly in the Central and Eastern European region.
We provide evidence that, generally, overall heterogeneity among rating outcomes for foreign markets is higher than for domestic
markets. Furthermore, we show that heterogeneity increases in transition economies and those markets where Austrian bank involvement
is relatively low. Our evidence supports the hypothesis that heterogeneity in the assessment of credit risk is determined
not only by the objective quality of information, which is deemed to be lower in transition economies, but also by the subjective
access to information about obligors measured by the level of domestic bank involvement in the respective foreign market.
Furthermore, we quantify potential effects on regulatory capital requirements. 相似文献
53.
Previous papers that examined investment decisions by private equity funds are divided on whether staging has a positive or negative effect on returns. We believe these opposing views can be reconciled by studying when staging is used during the life of the investment relationship: We find that staging has a positive effect on investment returns in the beginning of the investment relationship, consistent with the notion that staging helps mitigate information asymmetry. However, staging appears to be negatively associated with returns when used prior to the exit decision. Our unique dataset allows us to measure these intertemporal effects precisely. 相似文献
54.
Rainer Andergassen Franco Nardini Massimo Ricottilli 《Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control》2009,33(10):1779-1795
This paper investigates the research and development activity of heterogeneous and rationally bounded firms. The latter conduct this activity through in-house research and by collecting information originating in other firms’ spillovers. Thus, research and development activity owes both to independent searching and to interaction diffusing information. We study the conditions under which this idiosyncratic effort yields effects that have either local, system-wise negligible impacts or cumulate to generate significant aggregate ones. In the latter case, global effects feed back upon the incentive to innovate and therefore on the strength of local interaction as well as on autonomous research efforts. It is these dynamic forces that we model. We compare cases in which significant aggregate effects do emerge with cases in which they do not and study their outcome on innovation-directed investment and on long-term growth. 相似文献
55.
The present research examined the influence of different risk perspectives by the use of four different target persons (who could be affected: abstract person, self, specific person, and specific others) and of four different questionnaire answer formats (rating, open percentage, open, and closed frequency) on risk assessments. It was assumed that subjects use two different systems in terms of probabilistic reasoning: a distributional approach for abstract targets leading to higher risk estimates and a singular approach for specific targets leading to lower risk assessments. According to unrealistic optimism (UO) research (showing higher risk assessments for an abstract person than for self), the assumption was that risk assessments for a specific (named) target lead to lower risk assessments compared to an abstract target. Further, common quantitative answer formats for assessing risk were compared to explore differences in risk estimates. The hypotheses were tested using data of a sample of 512 students from a Bavarian university. The frequently confirmed finding of UO could be replicated with both rating scale and open frequency scale, which appeared to be more sensitive compared to the other used scales. However, UO disappeared when the comparison target was specific. Further, risk assessments for an abstract target were highest within every answer format and lowest for specific targets. Furthermore, results revealed that the type of answer format has a moderating effect on the extent of the influence of risk perspective on risk assessments. Overall, this study gives evidence that both the chosen scale and the risk perspective strongly influence risk assessments. Results aim to contribute to the research fields of quantitative assessment of perceived risk. They suggest that probabilistic reasoning in regard to risk not only underlies motivational or cognitive ego-defensive mechanisms but is rather presumably caused by the use of different systems of inferential strategies. 相似文献
56.
Claudia Gilleßen Petra Berkholz Rainer Stamminger 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2013,37(3):286-290
Global studies have observed many techniques of manual dishwashing causing different levels of performance and using quite different amounts of water, energy, time and detergent. It is not known, however, if these techniques are pre‐assigned to a person and persist when dishes are washed under different conditions, or are adapted to the specific type of dish‐cleaning process. Here we explored this question in a study with 40 test subjects selected equally from Germany and East European countries by asking them to wash two place settings of dishes with different amounts of soil three times. The results showed that the test subjects did not adapt their washing‐up behaviour to the amount of soil. In general, no significant differences were found in the water, energy and detergent consumption for all test subjects. Only the time used by the German test subjects to wash the fully soiled dishes was significantly longer compared with the dishes with only a quarter the quantity of soil, and no significant difference was observed for all other parts. The only significant difference found between the level of soiling of the dishes was the cleaning result achieved: The less soiled the dishes were, the better the final cleaning result was, and this related to all test subjects. This lends support to the proposition that the consumers did not adapt their washing‐up behaviour to the specific circumstances of the dishwashing job to be done but retained some pre‐assigned behaviour. 相似文献
57.
Abandoned industrial sites have traditionally constituted an important source of environmental problems. However, such sites are considered in many cases a historic heritage, and in this way, have been protected with different legal dispositions. Mining activities can be considered a special type of industrial site in that they encompass not only architectural but also landscape elements related to geology or topography. The necessity of developing new economic opportunities in these places, whose economy has been traditionally based on the “mining monoculture”, has resulted in the creation of a cultural revival in some mining sites. Nevertheless, these new economic potentials must be compatible with the obligation to maintain a low environmental risk in sites where the heavy metal concentrations are very high. The Cartagena-La Unión Mining District in Southern Spain is an example of such a case. This paper reviews the environmental situation in that area and the initiatives for establishing a cultural tourism. The goal of this paper is to incite the public debate about the balance between environmental risks, cultural safeguarding and economic development. 相似文献
58.
This paper analyzes the impact of capital gains taxation on investment timing decisions for risky investment projects with entry and exit flexibility under differential tax rates for ordinary income and capital gains. We investigate whether capital gains taxation influences immediate and delayed investments asymmetrically, given the optimal abandonment decision. If capital gains taxation induces a lock-in effect, this effect is anticipated in the investment timing decision. In contrast to prior research, our numerical simulations show that this lock-in effect of capital gains taxation can induce normal as well as paradoxical effects on investment timing under simultaneous entry and exit flexibility. A paradoxical timing effect, i.e., investment accelerated by capital gains taxation, especially emerges for high liquidation proceeds or, more conservative tax accounting, low interest rates, and low volatilities. In these cases, capital gains taxation reduces the value of the option to invest and hereby increases the propensity to invest immediately. As a second paradoxical tax effect, capital gains taxation may favor delayed real investment over financial investment. Facing these results, tax legislators should not use capital gains taxation as a short-term tax policy instrument to influence investors' timing decisions. 相似文献
59.
This paper examines the linkage between patenting and export performance for selected countries at the level of technology fields. Some empirical studies show considerable correlation between the patenting behavior of countries and their economic success in international markets. Adding to the existing literature, the aim of this analysis is to assess whether the indicators that are supposed to reflect patent value—such as patent citations or family size—have any explanatory power in estimating the export value of countries by technology fields. 相似文献
60.
Zusammenfassung Der Marktanteil von Handelsmarken in der Konsumgüterbranche steigt seit geraumer Zeit kontinuierlich an. Stark begünstigt
wird diese Entwicklung durch die rechtliche Regulierung des Marktes in Form des Verbots der vertikalen Preisbindung. Eine
Langzeitstudie am Beispiel von Fertigprodukten aus dem deutschen Lebensmitteleinzelhandel pr?sentiert ausgew?lte Effekte der
mit dem Preisbindungsverbot einhergehenden Zunahme von Handelsmarken. Deutlich werden dabei auch die Grenzen der industriellen
Markenpolitik.
Univ.-Prof. Dr. Rainer Olbrich
Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Betriebswirtschaftslehre, insbesondere Marketing, der FernUniversit?t in Hagen
Dipl.-Kff. Gundula Grewe
Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Lehrstuhl für Betriebswirtschaftslehre, insbesondere Marketing, der Fern Universit?t in
Hagen 相似文献