Balking and reneging in M/G/1 systems with post-ponable interruptions

Summary This paper considers the effect of postponable interruptions on aM/G/1 queueing process where customers balk with probabilityn/N (n=0, 1, 2, …,N) and renege after having waited for a random length of time. The busy period process in which transitions from any state (m, n) to any other state are permitted without an intermediate passage to the empty state, is investigated employing the supplementary variable method and discrete transforms. Later, the general process in which busy periods alternate with idle periods has been discussed in terms of the busy period process and renewal distributions and finally the ergodic properties of the general process studied by appealing to some results of renewal theory.     

Some aspects of random permutation models in finite population sampling theory

Summary We first consider Neyman's optimum allocation of sample size to strata in the light of available auxiliary information for which a suitable random permutation model is assumed. For a special case of this model the allocation of the sample size reduces to the same as when a certain superpopulation regression model is assumed. Motivated by this, more generally, we discuss some optimality results under random permutation models and compare them with the corresponding results when a superpopulation regression model is assumed.     

Queuing with balking and reneging in M|G|1 systems

Summary AM|G|1 queuing process in which units balk with a constant probability (1−β) and renege according to a negative exponential distribution has been considered. The busy period process is first investigated making use of the supplementary variable technique and discrete transforms. The expression for the joint distribution of the number of customers serviced during a busy period and the length of the busy period has been derived. FollowingGaver (1959) the general process is investigated and making use of renewal theory the ergodic properties of the general process have been studied. It has been shown that as long as reneging is permitted (α>0), the steady states always exist, but when no reneging is permitted (α=0), the steady states exist only whenλ β η<1.     

A test of goodness-of-fit based on extreme spacings with some efficiency comparisons

Tests for the goodness-of-fit problem based on sample spacings, i.e., observed distances between successive order statistics, have been used in the literature. We propose a new test based on the number of “small” and “large” spacings. The asymptotic theory under close alternative sequences is also given thus enabling one to calculate the asymptotic relative efficiencies of such tests. A comparison of the new test and other spacings tests is given.     

我国银行加强内部审计遏制舞弊的对策探讨

近年来我国银行舞弊案件频频发生,涉案金额之大、案件隐藏时间之久触目惊心,银行遭受了较大的经济损失。这些舞弊案件及其对银行机构的重大影响警示我们,对处于经济社会转型和改革开放加速前进、外资银行在华业务竞争全面展开时期的中国银行业而言,遏制舞弊是一项十分重要而紧迫的任务。本文认为银行舞弊的遏制和查处归根到底还是要落到实务操作尤其是内部审计的实务工作层面,本文立足于内部审计实务,从八个方面分析探讨了银行舞弊的遏制和查处工作重点和技术方法。     

以效能为核心的人力资源系统运营与整合

提升人力资源效能是企业人力资源管理的面临重要课题,其本质是要使企业人力资源配置效益和运行效率得以改善,从而促进人力资本回报率提升和企业核心能力增强。本文认为,企业人力资源效能的持续改善,既要解决人力资源系统性能匹配问题,又要解决人力资源系统驾驭水平问题,同时还要遵守"交通"规则。     

New Product Preannouncement as a Signaling Strategy: An Audience‐Specific Review and Analysis*

Firms in various industries with highly competitive environments use new product preannouncement (NPP) as one of the most effective and popular signaling tools. Preannouncements can bring both benefits and costs to firms. Extant research has studied NPP from different perspectives and tackled the questions, “Should a new product be preannounced and when?” and “What information should be preannounced and why?” However, the benefits and costs of preannouncements from an audience‐specific perspective are less well understood. It is important to notice that benefits and costs of a preannouncement vary among different audiences and firms need to apply group‐specific weights in assessing the overall benefits and costs prior to making new product preannouncements. The purpose of this article is to review the existing literature on new product preannouncements for commonly observed marketing problems and to develop a general approach focusing on the target audiences and the incentives in sending signals to each audience and the impacts of these signals. This paper first reviews the literature on marketing‐related NPP issues as well as the determinants and effects of various factors on NPP decisions. Then, it discusses the phenomenon of new product preannouncements linked to other marketing and economics problems: (1) product development and positioning; (2) product diffusion and adoption; (3) firm value; (4) vaporware and antitrust litigations; and (5) consumer welfare. In addition, this paper divides the target audience of the new product preannouncement into four groups: customers, competitors, investors, and distributors. Based on current signaling theory, it proposes an audience‐specific framework to analyze the determinants, incentives, and impact of new product preannouncements. The proposed approach may provide more comprehensive insights on NPP strategies to managers and industrial decision makers. Finally, the paper suggests a number of future research directions from four different perspectives (i.e., customer, firm, government/industry, and methodology).     

Industrial buyer complaining behavior

Many areas of household consumer behavior research were extended to study organizational buyer behavior in the recent years. However, one exception is the buyer dissatisfaction and complaining behavior area. This article discusses the various conceptual aspects of organizational buyer complaining behavior. A model of buyer complaining behavior is proposed and some theoretical portulates are formulated for additional research.     

简析风险投资与中小企业的发展

在对风险投资的涵义研究的基础上，分析了我国中小企业在国民经济中的地位，提出了利用风险投资以促进中小企业发展的若干建议和措施。