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31.
Dynamic equilibria with unemployment due to undernourishment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary We provide characterization and stability results for the stationary equilibria of a competitive infinite-horizon model that incorporates the nutritional requirements of physical labor. We find that for many aggregate land stocks, there is a large continuum of stationary equilibrium unemployment rates. Since unemployment can be seen to stem from inequality in the initial distribution of land ownership, we suggest that certain land reforms can reduce unemployment.Many of our results were developed while Streufert visited the Indian Statistical Institute. Ray is grateful for financial support from the Warshow Endowment of Cornell University, and Streufert thanks the Institute for Research on Poverty and the Graduate School, both at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. We are also thankful for the useful comments of an editor, a referee, and seminar participants at Wisconsin, Yale, the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, and the Midwest Mathematical Economics Conference. 相似文献
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Athanasios G. Noulas Stephen M. Miller Subhash C. Ray 《Journal of Financial Services Research》1993,7(3):235-248
We consider economies and diseconomies of scope for large U.S. banks by employing ordinary and hybrid translog cost functions. We examine the regularity conditions in output space where scope estimates are calculated and reject all models for which these conditions fail. The translog model always possesses violations. For the hybrid translog, violations occur in every case except one. In this one case, we find economies of scope. 相似文献
34.
On the Asymmetric Recognition of Good and Bad News in France, Germany and the United Kingdom 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We investigate whether accounting systems recognise bad news more promptly in earnings than good news, where news is proxied by changes in share price. The analysis is based on a sample of firm/years drawn from France, Germany, and the UK during 1990 to 1998. These three countries are the originators of three distinct legal traditions. Previous studies have argued that asymmetric recognition, one manifestation of conservative accounting, is sensitive to legal background and history. We find that in all three countries the contemporaneous association between earnings and returns is much stronger for bad news (i.e. when price changes are negative) than for good news, and although the results are strongest for the UK, and then France, the inter-country differences are not statistically significant. The stronger reaction to bad news is more pronounced for firms with relatively low capitalisation. We also find that the relative persistence of profits and losses are consistent with asymmetric recognition in France and the UK, but not in Germany, and that the more timely recognition of bad news is maintained even when we control for earnings persistence. When we extend the model to include price changes from previous periods, we see that the stronger reaction to bad news decays over time. The results from this model also suggest that 'pervasive' conservatism, unrelated to news, is observed in Germany and France, but the UK results are consistent with optimism. Although asymmetric recognition is generally strongest in the UK and weakest in Germany, and this broadly conforms to our expectations, the differences are less clear than the results from earlier periods. 相似文献
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大部分从事维修与可靠性专业的人员在其工作期间都受过短期课目培训。不过,许多人认为,具有评定意义的正规学习对他们的工作和所在公司来说,会在那些具有实用价值的技能和知识方面得到进一步提升。从20世纪80年代中期开始,澳大利亚莫纳什大学(Monash University)那些不能到校内上课的工程师们,开设了维修管理专业的研究生课程。后来又开设了可靠性工程的课程,1998年这两个课程合并成为了硕士学位课程。现在全世界已有几百名学生从这个专业毕业。随着在网络增强式教学方面的进展,这个项目有了重大的发展,2006年学习这个课程的学生已经遍及五大洲19个国家。丈中介绍这个课程的发展和演变以及一些经验教训,同时也列举出了毕业生们从中所能得到若干益处。 相似文献
37.
Christian A. Vossler Timothy D. Mount Robert J. Thomas Ray D. Zimmerman 《Journal of Regulatory Economics》2009,36(1):44-59
This paper presents the results from an auction experiment using industry professionals and student participants who compete
in a simulated wholesale market for electricity. Motivated by the intervention by FERC in response to the “meltdown” of the
California spot market, we investigate the effect of including a “soft” price cap in a uniform price auction as a means of
mitigating high prices. When prices are driven above the soft cap, offer curves become flat, in contrast to the hockey stick
shape observed in a typical uniform price auction for electricity. This flat offer curve leads to market prices that are relatively
insensitive to both generation costs and demand reductions.
相似文献
38.
This paper describes analysis of data from the National Food Survey to determine the influences of household income and composition on household demand for foods in 1974, 1979, 1980 and 1982. The paper focuses on fats, cheese and carcase meats. The analysis uses household level data, regarding zero expenditures as arising because of infrequent purchasing and the expenditure-income relationship used in the Almost Ideal Demand Model. This is in contrast with the analysis reported by the National Food Survey Committee which uses a constant elasticity model and averaged income and expenditure data. 相似文献
39.
We estimate the impact of financial liberalisation on consumption in seven major industrial countries, and find a marked shift in behaviour, notably a decline in short‐run income elasticities and a rise in short‐run wealth and interest rate elasticities. A corollary is that consumption equations estimated over both pre‐ and post‐liberalisation regimes may be misleading, and either a form of testing as presented here or a shortening of the sample period may be appropriate for accurate forecasting and simulation. 相似文献
40.
STRATEGY, INNOVATION AND PERFORMANCE 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1