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61.
Paolo Malighetti Stefano Paleari Renato Redondi 《Journal of Air Transport Management》2009,15(4):195-203
We analyse the pricing policy adopted by Ryanair, the main low-cost carrier in Europe. Based on a year's fare data for all of Ryanair's European flights, using a family of hyperbolic price functions, the optimal pricing curve for each route is estimated. The analysis shows a positive correlation between the average fare for each route and its length, the frequency of flights operating on that route, and the percentage of fully booked flights. As the share of seats offered by the carrier at the departure and destination airports increases, fares tend to decrease. The correlation of dynamic pricing to route length and the frequency of flights is negative. Conversely, as competition increases discounts on advance fares rise. 相似文献
62.
We test whether a country's level of financial development or institutional quality (or both) has a first‐order effect on corporate debt maturity decisions on a sample of 359 non-financial firms from five South American countries over a 12‐year period. We find that there is a substantial dynamic component in the determination of a firm's debt maturity, and firms face moderate adjustment frictions toward their optimal maturities. More importantly, the level of financial development does not influence debt maturity, whereas the institutional quality of a country has a significant positive effect on the level of long-term debt in a firm's financial structure. Our results support the hypothesis that the quality of national institutions is an important determinant of corporate financing in general and of debt maturity in particular. 相似文献
63.
64.
This paper investigates the content of the information set used by the agents in the Warsaw Stock Exchange - WSE. Three “candidate
variables” are examined — consumers’ prices, the zloty/US$ exchange rate and the refinancing rate of the National Bank of
Poland — with respect to three WSE stocks, from different sectors of the economy. The methodology employed supposes that the
innovations in the price series are orthogonal to all variables within or outside the information set. Beyond the question
of how to specify the agents expectations, the WSE trading rules and the high volatility period present in all monthly price
series were additional problems to render it operational. Given the solutions adopted, in only three out of the nine cases
tested, it was possible to reject the null that the candidate did not belong to the information set. This is a signal that
macroeconomic fundamentals are still absent from the WSE.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
65.
Renato Cirillo 《American journal of economics and sociology》1986,45(2):215-222
A bstract . Leon Walras'theory of money , in spite of its serious flaws, provides important insights which should prove of interest to modern monetarists. He was one of the few economists in the classical tradition to detect major deficiencies in the quantity theory of money. He favored a strong public policy to regulate the money supply in order to ensure the preservation of economic equilibrium. Most of his arguments were motivated by his concern for the wage earners because he knew that they were the first to suffer in times of economic crisis. 相似文献
66.
This paper presents an analysis of the determinants of the location dynamics of advanced producer services firms in global cities. By gauging the importance of the presence of leading firms for the years 2000 and 2004, a measurement of the aggregate location change is produced. This measure is used to search for determinants of the observed location change, both in general and in sectoral terms (management consultancy and banking). We also investigate how the presence of firms from the same and from other sectors influences the dynamics of a firms' location strategy. 相似文献
67.
Ernesto Salzano Anna Basco Valentina Busini Valerio Cozzani Enrico Marzo Renato Rota 《Journal of Risk Research》2013,16(3-4):469-485
Dramatic natural events recently stroke several countries worldwide. The impact of the natural events on industrial sites often resulted in large releases of hazardous materials, causing severe technological accidents (Natural-Technological or NaTech events). Industrial operators were often found unprepared or off-guard for unannounced events but also when they had received early warnings. Due to these occurrences, public awareness has raised and the issue of NaTech is now considered as an emerging risk. Due to the climate change and increase in the frequency of some categories of natural disasters, the likelihood of NaTech scenarios is growing, thus NaTech may be also considered as a new risk in some areas of the world. In the present study, the process that ended in the awareness of the scientific community and of the general public toward NaTech has been analyzed. Available tools and knowledge gaps in the assessment of NaTech scenarios are evidenced. The analysis is mainly addressed to the potential impact of flood, lightning, and earthquake events on industrial installations where hazardous substances are present, aiming at the identification of strategies to improve the resilience of industrial facilities to technological accidents caused or intensified by natural hazards. 相似文献
68.
69.
The principal concern of this article is the relative importance of input mix as a source of inefficiency. Emphasis in efficiency analysis studies in agricultural production has historically focused on technical inefficiency as a single concept until methodological advances enabled it to be decomposed into pure technical inefficiency and scale inefficiency. But, this advance was insufficient to identify what we consider to be the major source of inefficiency in agricultural production, namely mix inefficiency. We consider that farm enterprises may be particularly susceptible to input mix inefficiency because of restrictions on movement around the frontier isoquant; delays in the adoption of improved technologies embodied in new vintages of production processes; risk as a source of friction in input allocation decisions; and the potential for inconsistency in simultaneously attempting to reach points of allocative efficiency and mix efficiency in input use. We use non‐parametric methods to calculate a Hicks–Moorsteen productivity index using panel data for a sample of specialised pig producers in England and Wales. This index is then decomposed into measures of technology, technical efficiency, scale efficiency and mix efficiency for an input orientation. Results of the analysis show that the estimated mean mix inefficiency (0.736) was substantially larger than mean technical inefficiency (0.975) and mean scale inefficiency (0.957) over the study period. 相似文献
70.
This paper analyses exchange rate series for Poland and Brazil. The Polish series, related to the period soon after the first liberalizing measures, presents a high volatility which is not accounted for by some selected fundamentals. The Brazilian series, though also keeping evidence of excessive volatility, is cointegrated with fundamentals similar to those of the Polish case. This raises the issue of a learning process taking place during persistent inflations. Unsuccessful one-shot stabilization plans can reinforce this process, leaving a lasting imprint in the excessive volatility pattern. The message seems clear, though maybe not easy to implement: agents take some time to learn to live in non-stable environments; to avoid this by one-shot measures — if unsuccessful — can have a very high cost and pre-empt future corrections. 相似文献