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991.
992.
The macroeconomics of the labor market: three fundamental views 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We distinguish and assess three fundamental views of the labor market regarding the movements in unemployment: (1) the frictionless
equilibrium view; (2) the chain reaction theory, or prolonged adjustment view; and (3) the hysteresis view. While the frictionless
view implies a clear compartmentalization between the short- and long-run, the hysteresis view implies that all the short-run
fluctuations automatically turn into long-run changes in the unemployment rate. We assert the problems faced by these conceptions
in explaining the diversity of labor market experiences across the OECD labor markets. We argue that the prolonged adjustment
view can overcome these problems since it implies that the short, medium, and long-runs are interrelated, merging with one
another along an intertemporal continuum.
相似文献
Dennis J. SnowerEmail: URL: http://www.uni-kiel.de/snower/ |
993.
David Hauner 《International Advances in Economic Research》2007,13(3):347-364
Projections of age-related public expenditure growth have raised widespread concerns about fiscal sustainability. This paper
examines how total expenditure would develop under four policy rules on public expenditure growth. Some simple arithmetic
of expenditure, GDP, and population is reviewed and applied in simulations for 19 OECD countries over 2000–50. A general and
a specific conclusion arise from the results. Generally, long-term expenditure projections could benefit from revisiting common
assumptions on non-age-related expenditure growth. Specifically, realistic gradual adjustment in non-age-related expenditures
could go a long way towards maintaining fiscal sustainability under age-related spending pressures.
相似文献
David HaunerEmail: |
994.
Carson W. Bays 《International Advances in Economic Research》2007,13(1):81-96
The idea that changes in Supreme Court decision rules should have measurable effects on the volume of cases litigated has
a compelling plausibility, and several models of litigation predict this result. The prediction is a fragile one, however,
because it implies very restrictive assumptions about the probability distributions of the cases subject to dispute. The period
studied includes four Supreme Court decisions widely regarded as changing the rules and altering the level of uncertainty
surrounding the legality of the anti-tying provisions of the antitrust laws. Broad trends in antitrust activity generally
and changes in firm profitability statistically explain over three-quarters of the observed variation in tying litigation.
Changes in legal precedent have only modest effects upon litigation.
相似文献
Carson W. BaysEmail: |
995.
Miguel-Ángel Galindo Martín Francisco Escribano Sotos María Teresa Méndez Picazo 《International Advances in Economic Research》2007,13(2):214-221
The improvement of data statistics as well as the econometrician methods have facilitated the introduction the new variables
and factors I the economic growth analysis. In this sense, real variables have mainly been considered in the economic growth
studies, but not financial or risk management aspects. In this sense, it is interesting to analyze the relationship between
economic growth and value at risk and the feed-back process. The goal of the paper is to analyze the relationship between
economic growth and risk management and the feed-back process. We will consider economic variables, including economic growth,
rule of law, human capital, fiscal policy and monetary policy, among others, in our analysis. We will analyze the theoretical
relationships between these variables and risk and the effects of risk on economic growth. We will also develop an empirical
analysis considering the case of 15 European Union countries.
相似文献
María Teresa Méndez PicazoEmail: |
996.
Debra K. Israel 《International Advances in Economic Research》2007,13(2):171-182
Using data from the 2001 Giving and Volunteering in the United States survey, I examine household charitable donations to environmental organizations. Household income has a positive impact on
environmental giving. While the tax price affects overall charitable contributions, it does not affect environmental giving.
More education, being female, homeownership, and voting are also associated with a greater likelihood of contributing to the
environment. African-Americans and Latinos are less likely to contribute to the environment, although conditional on giving,
Latinos give more. Retired persons and households with children are less likely to contribute to the environment. Larger households
give less to the environment. Households from the Northeast are the most likely to make environmental contributions while
households from the South are the least likely.
相似文献
Debra K. IsraelEmail: |
997.
Donald R. Lehmann Jennifer Ames Stuart Gita Venkataramani Johar Anil Thozhur 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2007,35(3):309-316
This paper proposes that customers often respond to brand extension concepts by visualizing the product. We call this process
spontaneous visualization and suggest that it precedes concept evaluations. In two studies, we show that spontaneous visualization
is enhanced by the fit between the parent brand and the extension category and by the ease with which the product category
can be imagined. The appeal of the visualized image in turn determines whether visualization enhances or decreases concept
evaluations. In addition, we find a stronger link between product evaluations and delayed choice when evaluations are based
on visualization; evaluations based on visualization hence appear to be more “valid” in the sense of predicting subsequent
behavior. Implications of these findings and ideas for future research are discussed.
相似文献
Donald R. LehmannEmail: |
998.
Stephen J. Carson Robert D. Jewell Christopher Joiner 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2007,35(2):172-183
Prior empirical research suggests that consumers perceive pioneers as more prototypical (i.e., representative) of their product
categories than me-too followers. This prototypicality advantage is believed to contribute to an enduring marketplace advantage
for the pioneer. We extend research into pioneering prototypicality advantages by considering the ramifications of simultaneous
product design (i.e., product attribute) evolutions. We hypothesize that the simultaneous evolution of product designs of
both the pioneer and me-too will diminish the pioneer’s prototypicality advantage over the me-too, even though the me-too
does not initiate the change. To test our hypotheses, we create an experimental environment consisting of four cells, each
corresponding to a different marketplace scenario: a no-change condition; a simultaneous-evolution condition; a pioneer-updates-first
condition; and a leapfrogging (i.e., me-too updates first) condition. The results suggest that simultaneous design evolutions
can diminish the pioneer’s prototypicality advantage. As a result, me-too entry may be a more attractive strategy in the long-run
than currently believed in product categories characterized by substantial design evolution.
相似文献
Christopher JoinerEmail: |
999.
Soonhong Min John T. Mentzer Robert T. Ladd 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2007,35(4):507-522
Despite the logical association between market orientation (MO) and the supply chain management concepts of supply chain orientation
(SCO) and supply chain management (SCM), and the potential mediating role of SCO and SCM in the MO-firm business performance
(PERF) relationship, there have been few, if any, attempts to investigate MO in a supply chain context. Thus, this study tests
the relationships between MO, SCO, SCM, and PERF. Results indicate MO has a strong, positive impact on SCO and SCM. Interestingly,
SCO was found to have the largest direct influence on PERF, followed by MO, followed by SCM. Managers should realize that
SCO is critical to fulfilling customer requirements, i.e., a firm’s efforts to work with supply chain partners will not pay
off if the firm is not supply chain-oriented. Although overshadowed by SCO, MO is still a foundation for managing the supply
chain and has a positive impact on PERF. Equally important, the fact that the contribution of SCM to firm performance is overshadowed
by MO and SCO does not mean SCM is irrelevant in corporate strategy. Managerial and future research implications of these
findings are discussed.
相似文献
Robert T. LaddEmail: |
1000.
Evangelia Katsikea Marios Theodosiou Robert E. Morgan 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2007,35(2):270-283
The authors extend sales management theory by considering the role of export sales management in small- and medium-sized firms,
and they develop an integrated model of export sales organization effectiveness. Specifically, the authors test 16 hypotheses
that examine the relationships among export sales management control, export territory, psychic distance, export sales performance,
and export sales organization effectiveness. Using a mail-survey approach, data were collected from U.K.-based export sales
managers in 146 direct exporters of industrial products. Though certain anomalies are observed, the research findings support
many of the hypothesized associations, confirming the robustness of existing sales management concepts and theories in an
export-marketing context.
相似文献
Robert E. MorganEmail: |