Corporate ethical performance: Trends,forecasts and outlooks

Executives, professionals, educators and labour leaders are requesting an update on corporate ethical trends. This article presents an examination of why the interest in corporate ethics is growing both in society and in corporations. An analysis follows of how corporations are responding to this interest, and of how that response might be enhanced through improved second-generation codes of ethical performance. Leonard J. Brooks B. Com., MBA, FCA, is a Professor of Accounting at the Faculty of Management and Erindale Campus of the University of Toronto. Before joining the University, he held the rank of Director of Manpower and Audit Manager at Touche Ross and Co., Chartered Accountants. His most recent monograph is entitled Canadian Corporate Social Performance.     

Horatio Alger Meets the Mobility Tables

The question of how entrepreneurship relates to income mobility is cogent given the current public debate about the sources of income inequality and mobility in United States society. We examine how experience with entrepreneurship has affected an individual's place in the earnings distribution. Our basic tack is to follow individuals' positions in the income distribution over time, and to see how their mobility (or lack thereof) was affected by involvement with entrepreneurship. Our main finding is that for low-income individuals there is some merit to the notion that the self-employed moved ahead in the earnings distribution relative to those who remained wage earners. On the other hand, for those at the upper end of the earnings distribution, those who became self-employed often advanced less in the earnings distribution than their salaried counterparts.     

Demographic data banks: A new management resource

A wealth of information from the Census Bureau is now available in forms that can be immediately useful to your company.     

Issues in Canadian Agricultural Economic Data: A Selected Review

This article expresses the concern that major agricultural data series fail to reflect well changes in efficiency or incomes of those engaged in the industry. Current farm income data focus on income from farm sources, and a shift in emphasis is suggested to value-added by farming and nonfarm agriculture businesses, to total incomes rather than farm incomes of those engaged in farming, and to asset accounts for those producing farm products. The result would be better understanding of the contribution of agriculture to the economy, and better understanding of the well-being of farm people. This may also be an appropriate time to question the value of the farm as a unit for collecting or for publishing agricultural data, as well as a time to seriously rethink the data implications of long-run resource issues in agriculture. ?auteur s'inquiète de ce que les principales séries de données agricoles ne reflètent pas adéquatement les changements survenus au chapitre de ?efficacité ni au chapitre des revenus chez les personnes engagées dans ce secteur. Les données actuelles sur les revenus de ?exploitation agricole mettent ?accent sur les sources de revenu propres a ?agriculture et ?auteur soutient que Ton devrait s'intéresser davantage à la valeur ajoutée par ?agriculture et par les activités agricoles extérieures à ?exploitation agricole, insister sur les revenus totaux plutôt que sur les revenus agricoles des personnes engagées dans le secteur et mettre ?accent sur les comptes de valeurs des producteurs agricoles. On parviendrait ainsi à mieux comprendre la contribution de ?agriculture à ?économic et le problème du bien-être des agriculteurs. Le temps est peut-être également venu de remettre en question la valeur de ?exploitation agricole comme unité de collecte ou de publication de données agricoles ainsi que de repenser sérieusement les incidences que pourront avoir sur les données les questions relatives aux ressources à long terme en agriculture.     

Service worker role in encouraging customer organizational citizenship behaviors

Assessment of the role of the individual service worker in encouraging customer organizational citizenship behaviors (customer OCBs) is the primary focus of this paper. The researchers investigate this topic empirically across three service contexts. Customer OCBs are voluntary, outside of the customer's required role for service delivery, which provide help and assistance and are conducive to effective organizational functioning. In this paper, commitment to the service worker is the strongest predictor of customer OCBs. Further, personal loyalty to the service worker serves as a partial mediator of the effects of perceived benevolence of the service worker and commitment to the service worker on customer OCBs. Finally, theoretical, managerial and future research implications are included.     

Foreign investment in North America and the pharmaceutical industry in Canada

Unique among developed countries in denying patent protection for pharmaceuticals, Canada modified her laws in 1987 and again in 1993 to meet international standards, thereby permitting her to participate in NAFTA and become a signatory of the TRIPS of the Uruguay Round. Canada's concerns for containing health costs and providing quality health care for all its citizens were important factors in her original position. It was only as a result of international pressure and an alliance between the multinational pharmaceutical firms and the university community in Canada that she offered greater patent protection. The results of these changes had an immediate effect on improving the business environments and significant investments by the multinational pharmaceutical firms have increased substantially since 1987.