Using a unique sample of 444 entrepreneurial IPOs in the UK and France this paper examines links between founders' characteristics,
venture capital (VC) syndication and the development of effective boards in entrepreneurial firms. It argues that VC-backed
IPOs suffer from two sets of agency problems which are related to principal-agent and principal-principal relationships between
the founders and members of the VC syndicate. The empirical evidence shows that there is a curvilinear relationship between
the intensity of founders' external ties and VC syndication. Founders' retained share ownership is negatively associated with
VC syndication. We also find that in syndicated IPOs there is a higher involvement of passive private equity firms and “business
angels” investing alongside VC firms, both in terms of their number and equity presence. VC-syndicated IPOs have more independent
boards than IPOs with no VC involvement. Board independence is negatively associated with founders' retained equity. These
results are consistent with the assumption that board independence is used to mitigate agency costs associated with VC involvement
in IPO firms. Our findings also identify significant differences in governance characteristics between the UK and France.
While French IPOs have less independent boards, they involve more VC backing in general and syndicated VC funding in particular,
than UK IPOs. 相似文献
ABSTRACT This study aims to investigate dynamic relationships between research and development (R&D) expenditure, climate change (measured by annual rainfall and temperature variations), human capital (proxied by literacy) and total factor productivity (TFP) growth in Bangladesh agriculture. Pesaran’s Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator is used to a unique panel data of 17 regions of Bangladesh covering a 61-year period (1948–2008). In addition, the panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model is also applied to trace the responsiveness of TFP from a shock to R&D, extension services, and literacy rate. Results reveal that R&D has an insignificant impact on TFP in the short-run, while it has a significant positive impact in the long-run. The contributions of climate variables (i.e., rainfall and temperature variations) are highly significant and negative in the long run. The literacy rate is found to have a significant positive impact on TFP as expected. These results suggest that agricultural R&D investment and human capital could play an important role to ameliorate the adverse effects of climate change in the agricultural sector of Bangladesh. 相似文献
An approach recently developed by Fama and French (2000Fama, EF and French, KR. 2000. Forecasting profitability and earnings. The Journal of Business, 73: 161–75. ) is applied to the study of whether UK company profitability is mean-reverting. A sample of roughly 987 firms per year for a period from 1982–2000 is used, drawn from Datastream. In a simple partial adjustment model convergence towards the mean at a rate of about 25% per year is found. The results are very similar in direction to those of Fama and French (2000Fama, EF and French, KR. 2000. Forecasting profitability and earnings. The Journal of Business, 73: 161–75. ) but the results do not display significant non-linearities. The change in profitability appears to be more strongly influenced by dividends in the UK. 相似文献
This paper proposes a semiparametric smooth-varying coefficient input distance frontier model with multiple outputs and multiple inputs, panel data, and determinants of technical inefficiency for the Indonesian banking industry during the period 2000 to 2015. The technology parameters are unknown functions of a set of environmental factors that shift the input distance frontier non-neutrally. The computationally simple constraint weighted bootstrapping method is employed to impose the regularity constraints on the distance function. As a by-product, total factor productivity (TFP) growth is estimated and decomposed into technical change, scale component, and efficiency change. The distance elasticities, marginal effects of the environmental factors on the distance elasticities, temporal behavior of technical efficiency, and also TFP growth and its components are investigated.
This paper aims to investigate the effects of urbanization on pollutant emissions and energy intensity in selected Asian developing countries after controlling for the effects of disaggregated (renewable and non-renewable) energy consumption, trade liberalization, and economic growth. We use both linear and nonlinear panel data econometric techniques and employ recently introduced mean group estimation methods, allowing for heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence. However, to check the robustness of our panel results, we also apply the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL)-bound testing approach to country-level data. In addition, the relationship between affluence and CO2 emissions is examined in the context of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. The estimation results identify the population, affluence, and non-renewable energy consumption as major factors in pollutant emissions in Asian countries. However, the results of the EKC hypothesis show that when countries achieve a certain level of economic growth, their emissions tend to decline. Whereas nonlinear results show that renewable energy, urbanization, and trade liberalization reduce emissions, linear estimations do not confirm these outcomes. Thus, substitution of non-renewable for renewable energy consumption, cautious and planned urbanization programs and more liberal trading regimes may be viable options for sustainable growth of these developing Asian economies. 相似文献