未来原油品质变化趋势及其对炼油行业的影响

剑桥能源咨询公司对全球范围的原油和凝析油的整体品质变化情况进行了评估,主要结论如下:一是全球原油品质出现下降的趋势,但在近期内世界原油品质总体变化很小,API度将从2011年的36.1降至2020年的35.8.二是原油品质的区域性变化较为显著并呈现较大波动性.中东北非原油供应中断对世界原油品质的总体影响不大,但对欧洲炼油行业影响较大.三是超重原油供应比例的增加速度超过炼油业的适应能力,对原料具有更大适应能力的超级炼油厂可能不断出现.此外,考虑到中东原油在中国原油进口结构中的重要地位,预计中国进口原油在未来一段时间内将有变重、变酸的趋势,这将对中国炼油厂加工重油的能力及灵活性提出更高要求.     

基于科技型人才聚集的高等院校协同创新系统建模与仿真

高等院校是推进协同创新的重要力量,相关研究议题日益受到国内外学者关注。在对高等院校协同创新模式进行研究的基础上,以科技型人才聚集为视角,提出高等院校协同创新复杂系统。通过分析协同创新环境与高等院校协同创新系统的作用过程,基于系统动力学方法构建相应模型,运用Vensim PLE软件进行系统仿真,并利用拟合优度方法验证系统有效性。应用灵敏度分析方法,结合工作实际,得到高等院校协同创新管理启示如下：制定以科技型人才为主导的协同创新战略,强化高等院校协同创新的政策制度支撑,完善高等院校协同创新投入机制。     

终极控制人特征和创业导向关系的实证研究——市场化进程的调节作用

以中国创业板上市公司为样本,探讨了市场化进程对终极控制人特征与企业创业导向间关系的调节作用。层次回归分析结果发现:整体强度方面,非国有企业比国有企业具有更强的创业导向,终极控制人存在两权分离的企业的创业导向比不存在两权分离的企业更强;选择倾向方面,国有企业和存在终极控制人两权分离的企业更倾向于选择资产增值型创业导向;市场化进程负向调节终极控制人特征与创业导向选择倾向的关系,这说明市场化进程的提高可在一定程度上缓解终极控制人创业导向选择中的代理问题。     

自然保护地自然资源资产产权制度现状辨析

“建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系”是党的十九大所提出的国家公园体制建设的新方向。实现自然保护地的有效保护管理是其重要内容，关键在于通过改革形成科学、合理的自然资源资产产权制度，而厘清自然资源资产产权制度的现状则是进行改革的前提。首先，对现行法律进行系统梳理，明确法律所认定的自然保护地中的自然资源类型。其次，从自然资源的产权种类及所有权改变、用益物权流转三方面总结了自然保护地自然资源资产的产权制度现状。再者，从各类自然保护地申报设立的条件和环保督查中反映出来的问题两方面入手分析了自然保护地的自然资源保护管理现状，从国家公园体制试点采取的措施出发分析了目前的改革探索，并提炼出自然保护地自然资源资产产权制度存在的四大问题，即自然资源资产产权的界定和要求较局限、自然资源所有权行使人虚位、公权与私权的利益协调机制不健全、改革探索中物权途径面临制度障碍。最后，从自然资源资产产权制度设计的角度提出了改革的4个方向。     

Asset pricing in a production economy with Chew–Dekel preferences

In this paper we provide a thorough characterization of the asset returns implied by a simple general equilibrium production economy with Chew–Dekel risk preferences and convex capital adjustment costs. When households display levels of disappointment aversion consistent with the experimental evidence, a version of the model parameterized to match the volatility of output and consumption growth generates unconditional expected asset returns and price of risk in line with the historical data. For the model with Epstein–Zin preferences to generate similar statistics, the relative risk aversion coefficient needs to be about 55, two orders of magnitude higher than the available estimates. We argue that this is not surprising, given the limited risk imposed on agents by a reasonably calibrated stochastic growth model.     

Overseas Impacts of China's Outward Direct Investment

China's outward direct investment (ODI) has grown rapidly since 2004. But along with such phenomenal growth is a mixed feeling toward Chinese investments in host countries. This article explores some overseas impacts of Chinese ODI based on an analysis of China's policy environment and investment patterns. We argue that what Chinese investors bring to host economies includes (i) massive job creation, but limited technology transfers to the local economy; (ii) ample capital as well as entry into the Chinese market; and (iii) damage from corporate social misbehavior. However, we suspect that these overseas impacts may be transitory as three dynamics, increased conflicts, accelerated learning and China's domestic structural changes, are simultaneously set in motion.     

集群式供应链成员互动关系研究

从生态学视角研究集群式供应链中的成员互动关系。认为在集群式供应链中,由于成员所占生态位的互补性或相似性,往往形成3种互动关系,即互惠型、依附型和竞争型。通过建立不同的成员互动关系模型,并运用微分方程定性知识以及数值仿真对其分析后,指出不同类型的企业在不同的互动关系中所获得的利益以及战略各不相同,从而揭示了集群式供应链组织结构的演化机制。     

基于GA-BP的大型建设工程社会影响评价指标体系研究

在建设工程社会学理论框架的基础上,分析了大型建设工程的社会作用机理及形式,构建了三层指标体系,运用专家打分及GA-BP混合算法确定了各指标权重,通过定性与定量相结合的方法对大型建设工程的社会影响进行了评价。     

浅谈存款准备金制度和我国当前调整存款准备金率的原因

存款准备金是传统的三大货币政策工具之一。中央银行调整存款准备金率可以影响金融机构的信贷扩张能力,从而间接调控货币供应量,影响社会经济的发展。本文阐述了存款准备金制度的发展演变和作用,并以此来分析最近一段时间来我国存款准备金率上调对经济的影响。     

Organisational regulatory legitimacy,entrepreneurial orientation,and SME innovation: an optimal distinctiveness perspective

The optimal distinctiveness perspective argues that firms face competing pressures to be both ‘like’ and ‘different from’ their peers. On the one hand, institutional scholars assert that firms need to be similar to peers in order to gain legitimacy. On the other hand, strategy scholars insist that firms need to strive to be different to gain competitive advantage. In order to enrich the optimal distinctiveness perspective, the present study builds a conceptual model that addresses the relationships among organisational regulatory legitimacy, entrepreneurial orientation, and SME innovation under the context of China’s transition economy. Our empirical results show that organisational regulatory legitimacy has an inverted-U relationship with SME innovation. Further, entrepreneurial orientation strengthens this inverse-U shaped relationship. That is, entrepreneurial orientation magnifies both the positive and the negative effect of organisational regulatory legitimacy on SME innovation. This study echoes to the call to conduct broader optimal distinctiveness research by integrating institutional theory and strategic management. Furthermore, our findings provide new evidence for the strategic balance perspective of optimal distinctiveness.