Wage differences between Austrian men and women: <Emphasis Type="Italic">semper idem?</Emphasis>

In most OECD countries, the wage gap between men and women has narrowed during the past two decades. Developments of the last 20 years, e.g., increased labour market attachment of women or the introduction of equal pay laws, may have reduced the gender wage gap. We investigate the extent, persistence, and socio-economic determinants of the gender wage gap in Austria, for the years 1983 and 1997. Using wage decomposition techniques, we find that the average gender wage gap was almost as high in 1997 as it was in 1983. Not accounting for differences, the gender wage gap dropped from 25.5 to 23.3% of men’s wages. Taking observable differences between men and women into account, we estimate that the mean gender wage gap that cannot be explained, i.e., discrimination against women, dropped from 17 to 14% of men’s wages. A decomposition of the gender wage gap over time indicates that both returns to human capital and less discrimination were responsible for the narrowing of the gender wage gap.

产业梯度转移:区域经济共同成长的必由之路

<正>产业转移是经济发展过程中普遍存在的一种经济现象。经历了近30年高速增长后,深圳已经进入"转型"时代,转型将在经济结构、利益格局、社会构成等多个方面产生深刻影响,产业转移便     

网络嵌入、绿色动态能力与企业绿色创新——环境规制和管理者环境注意力的调节作用

基于动态能力理论、社会网络理论和制度理论等,探讨网络嵌入对企业绿色创新的影响,并进一步考察绿色动态能力在其中的中介作用以及环境规制、管理者环境注意力的调节作用。运用多元回归和Bootstrap方法进行实证检验,结果显示：结构嵌入和关系嵌入对企业绿色创新均具有显著影响;绿色动态能力在结构嵌入、关系嵌入与绿色创新之间起中介作用;环境规制、管理者环境注意力均正向调节绿色动态能力与绿色创新间关系。     

THE IMPACT OF FOOD PRICE SHOCK ON HETEROGENEOUS CREDIT CONSTRAINED FIRMS

ABSTRACT 1 : The paper analyzes how rising food and energy prices affect heterogeneous firm access to inputs and production under credit market imperfections. We estimate a firm credit constraint equation using a unique firm level panel data and find that, on average, small individual firms (IF) are more credit constrained than large corporate firms (CF). Using the estimated parameters, we simulate the effect of the recent food price shock on the world markets. Our results suggest that in the presence of credit market imperfections, the less credit constrained CF benefit relatively more from food price increase than IF, as they are able to expand their production more flexibly. These findings have important policy implications for countries with significant market imperfections. In the case of the food price shock, not only consumers but also producers, which on average are more credit constrained than producers in developed countries, may lose their market shares and hence their income in the long run.     

基于偏离-份额法的河南制造业竞争力分析

制造业是地区工业的重要组成部分,也是国民经济发展的支柱.本文运用偏离-份额分析法对河南制造业的发展状况进行分析,并与全国的发展状况进行比较,从结构和竞争力两个角度分析了制造业内部问题所在,以探讨河南制造业发展的重点,并结合实际为河南制造业的健康发展提出建议.     

国家主体功能区规划实施的几个关键问题

全国主体功能区规划已获得国务院通过并开始实施。作为一项国家空间战略布局规划,主体功能区规划的实施必将作为“十二五”时期及今后一段时期内经济社会工作的重点。为推动主体功能区规划的顺利实施,各级政府需要对主体功能区规划实施的关键问题形成共识。在主体功能区规划实施中,对主体功能区的认识、主体功能区规划实施的主体、主体功能区的划分、主体功能区的协调与调整、主体功能区的监测与评价、主体功能区政策措施落实、主体功能区的考核、主体功能区实施的组织保障、主体功能区规划实施的技术支撑、主体功能区实施的挑战与机遇等是需要重点关注的问题。     

Chinese dietary culture influences consumers' intention to use imported soy‐based dietary supplements: an application of the theory of planned behaviour

The over‐saturated dietary supplement (DS) market in developed countries such as the US spurs the need for foreign market expansion, and the Chinese market provides a great potential for the foreign soy‐based DS industry. This study examined Chinese consumers' intention to use imported (US‐made US‐brand) soy‐based DS based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Two alternative models were also examined in which Chinese dietary culture variables, including soyfoods favourability and dining‐out sociability, as well as their interactions with attitudes, were integrated into the TPB model. A cross‐sectional, self‐administered survey was conducted with a sample of 215 subjects (137 females; 78 males) in Shanghai, China. The TPB variables attitude, subjective norm, perceived behaviour control and behavioural intention, as well as the Chinese dietary culture variables: soyfoods favourability and dine‐out sociability were measured. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the three models. The statistical results indicated that all three models were statistically significant to predict intention (Model 1: R² = 0.473, P < 0.001; Model 2: R² = 0.505, P < 0.001; Model 3: R² = 0.525, P < 0.001). The results also showed that attitude, perceived behavioural control, and dine‐out sociability were significant (positive) determinants of intention. Soyfoods favourability acted a significant (negative) moderator of the relationship between attitude and intention. Subjective norm had no significant impact on intention. In conclusion, the TPB model was useful to predict Chinese consumers' intention to use imported soy‐based DS, but not all the TPB components weighed significantly in exploring DS consumption in China. The selected Chinese dietary culture variables were much more important predictors than subjective norm. This study makes a significant contribution in the application of the TPB model and in market strategy development for imported dietary supplements in China.     

《工程合同管理》课程教学方法与手段

针对本人所讲课程采用的教学方法,提出多种有效可行的教学方式,在课程教学中,努力突出工程管理专业的特色,注重工程实践,使学生综合素质得到了提高,为就业奠定了基础。     

CZ法单晶等径生长模糊控制系统设计

针对单晶等径生长过程中主要是对系统的温度和晶体测径环节的控制,介绍了一种基于模糊控制与PID算法的CZ法单晶等径生长控制系统。详细阐述系统的组成,重点介绍系统采用双闭环串级控制。最后通过仿真测试,结果表明,该系统具有对现场温度、单晶直径等参数的合理控制和调节功能,能够有效地改善系统控制性能。     

IT投资对我国机械制造业上市公司技术效率的影响分析

将IT投资作为投入要素和企业特征变量,基于SFA模型和DEA-Tobit模型分别构造了6个模型,以2004—2008年我国机械、设备、仪表制造业上市公司为样本,就IT投资对我国机械制造业上市公司技术效率的影响进行了实证分析。结果表明:SFA和DEA在测算技术效率方面具有较好的一致性,"生产率悖论"仍然存在;两种视角下测得的技术效率具有显著差异,且在SFA中,作为企业特征变量的IT投资的影响大于其作为生产要素的影响,这在DEA中情况正好相反;企业规模与技术效率正相关,企业资产负债率和企业年限与技术效率负相关,股权集中度与技术效率的关系不显著。