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101.
102.
We study a defaultable firm's debt priority structure in a simple structural model where the firm issues senior and junior bonds and is subject to both liquidity and solvency risks. Assuming that the absolute priority rule prevails and that liquidation is immediate upon default, we determine the firm's interior optimal priority structure along with its optimal capital structure. We also obtain closed‐form solutions for the market values of the firm's debt and equity. We find that the magnitude of the spread differential between junior and senior bond yields is positively, but not linearly related to the total debt level and the riskiness of assets. Finally, we provide an in‐depth analysis of probabilities of default and the term structure of credit spreads. 相似文献
103.
104.
Lasse Torkkeli Kaisu Puumalainen Sami Saarenketo Olli Kuivalainen 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2012,10(1):25-49
Research findings suggest that networks offer small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) opportunities to internationalize
successfully. However, the role of internal organizational competence in the process of developing and maintaining such networks
in hostile external environments has received little attention. The aim of this study is to shed light on the relationship
by examining the positive influence that the network competence of SMEs has on their propensity to internationalize, and on
their subsequent international performance. Given that the willingness of firms to enter and perform well in markets appears
to also depend on environmental hostilities, this external influence on SME internationalization is incorporated into the
study. We also examine whether the level of environmental hostility moderates the relationship between network competence
and SME internationalization. The empirical part of the study comprises a web survey of 298 Finnish SMEs representing five
different industry sectors: metal, food, furniture, software, and knowledge-intensive business services. Confirmatory factor
analysis and regression models are used in the analysis. The results indicate that higher levels of network competence are
positively related to the propensity of SMEs to internationalize, as well as to their international performance. Conversely,
the level of environmental hostility has a negative effect on the performance measure, but not on the internationalization
propensity. Additionally, the influence of network competence is not moderated by environmental hostility. The results indicate
that internal network competence and external environmental hostility play a role in SME internationalization, and that the
positive influence of network competence exists independently of the hostility in the environment. 相似文献
105.
The Effects of Disclosure and Analyst Regulations on the Relevance of Analyst Characteristics for Explaining Analyst Forecast Accuracy 下载免费PDF全文
Sami Keskek Linda A. Myers Thomas C. Omer Marjorie K. Shelley 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2017,44(5-6):780-811
We posit and find an effect of disclosure and analyst reporting regulations implemented from 2000 through 2003 (including Regulation Fair Disclosure, the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act and the Global Settlement Act) on the importance of analyst and forecast characteristics for analyst forecast accuracy. Following the enactment of these regulations, more experienced analysts and All‐Star analysts do not maintain their superior forecast accuracy, and analysts employed by large brokerage houses perform worse than other analysts. In addition, we find a decrease in the importance of analyst effort, the number of industries and firms followed, days elapsed since the last forecast, and forecast horizon. While the importance of bold upward forecast revisions does not change, bold downward revisions lose their relevance for forecast accuracy after 2003. Finally, we find an increase in the importance of prior forecast accuracy. We find that the importance of these characteristics varies with the precision of publicly available information. Specifically, the decrease in the importance of most analyst and forecast characteristics and the increase in the importance of prior forecast accuracy are greater when the precision of publicly available information is low. Overall, our results suggest that the positive effects of experience, effort, brokerage house size and All‐Star status on forecast accuracy in the pre‐regulation period were because of the information advantages that these analysts enjoyed (rather than their ability to generate private information). In contrast, our results suggest that prior forecast accuracy is related to analysts’ ability to generate private information. 相似文献
106.
Prior studies use fundamental earnings forecasts to proxy for the market's expectations of earnings because analyst forecasts are biased and are available for only a subset of firms. We find that as a proxy for market expectations, fundamental forecasts contain systematic measurement errors analogous to those in analysts' biased forecasts. Therefore, these forecasts are not representative of investors' beliefs. The systematic measurement errors from using fundamental forecasts to proxy for market expectations occur because investors misweight the information in many firm-level variables when estimating future earnings, but fundamental forecasts are formed using the historically efficient weights on firm-level variables. Thus, we develop an alternative ex ante proxy for the market's expectations of future earnings (“the implied market forecast”) using the historical (and inefficient) weights, as reflected in stock returns, that the market places on firm-level variables. A trading strategy based on the implied market forecast error, which is measured as the difference between the implied market forecast and the fundamental forecast, generates excess returns of approximately 9 percent per year. These returns cannot be explained by investors' reliance on analysts' biased forecasts. Overall, our results reveal that market expectations differ from both fundamental forecasts and analysts' forecasts. 相似文献
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108.
This article examines the impact of macroeconomic news announcements on bond market expectations, as measured by option‐implied probability distributions of future bond returns. The results indicate that expected bond market volatilities increase in response to higher‐than‐expected inflation and unemployment announcements. Furthermore, the asymmetries in bond market expectations are found to be affected mostly by surprises in inflation and economic production figures. In particular, it is found that higher‐than‐expected inflation announcements cause optionimplied bond return distributions to become more negatively skewed or less positively skewed, implying a shift in market participants' perceptions toward future increases in interest rates. Finally, the results indicate that market expectations of future extreme movements in bond prices are virtually unaffected by macroeconomic news releases. Some evidence is found, however, that suggests that after extreme surprises in inflation announcements market participants attach higher probabilities for extreme movements in bond prices. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 25:817–843, 2005 相似文献
109.
Hind Sami 《The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance》2009,49(2):239-252
This paper examines a financier’s optimal monitoring intensity in a multi-period financing relationship. We identify conditions under which the financier should sometimes misidentify the quality of an entrepreneur. Such an imperfect evaluation technology affects action choices by bad entrepreneurs. We first characterize the optimal monitoring intensity and show that it is one in which the investor monitors entrepreneurs randomly. Random monitoring in the first stage of a relationship induces bad entrepreneurs to reveal their intrinsic types. Second, because random monitoring reduces the share of bad entrepreneurs in the subsequent periods, we show that the financier can therefore realize substantial gains. 相似文献
110.
Does the institutional environment affect the causal relationship between banking development and economic growth? In the theoretical section of this paper, we develop an endogenous growth model where the institutional environment is captured through two indicators: judicial system efficiency and easiness of informal trade. We show that an improvement in the institutional environment has two effects. First, it intensifies the causality direction from banking to economic growth through a reduction in defaulting loans. Second, it reduces the interest rate spread. In the empirical section of the paper, we find bidirectional causality when analyzing 22 Middle Eastern and North African countries over the period 1984–2004. The first causality, which runs from banking development to economic growth, is more intense in countries with more developed institutional environment. The second causality runs from economic growth to banking and indicates that a more developed economy has a more developed banking system. 相似文献