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61.
The main purpose of this paper is to show the origin, growth and practice of accounting in Iran plus analysis of influential factors such as financial markets, tax policies, privatization, membership in the World Trade Organization, foreign investment, and legal systems. Documents of ancient Iran show that in 550 B.C. (Achaemenid era), all records of public revenues and costs were kept soundly and with remarkable accuracy. These documents display the relentless progress and development of accounting in Iran up until now (pre-Islamic era, post-Islamic era, and contemporary era). During the past two decades, various measures have been adopted to promote and advance accounting in Iran via harmonizing the domestic accounting practices with International norms and standards. Although Iran has employed International Accounting Standards as the basis for developing its National Accounting Standards, there are still some differences between Iranian and international standards, and there are some certain International Accounting Standards that are not applicable in Iran. A host of endemic factors, such as existing laws and rules, religious beliefs, culture, economic and political conditions, have influenced the National Accounting Standards setting processes. 相似文献
62.
Abdullah Al-Hassan Mohammed Omran 《Research in International Business and Finance》2010,24(3):344-360
We document the phenomenon of under-pricing initial public offerings (IPOs) for 47 Gulf firms that went public between 2001 and 2006. The IPOs had, on average, initial abnormal returns of 290 percent, far exceeding those documented for both developed and emerging markets. In aftermarket performance, we find that these IPOs provide investors with negative abnormal returns over a one-year period, which seems to be consistent with findings in other industrial and emerging markets. The empirical models fail, however, to provide us with a satisfactory explanation using the common independent variables employed in the literature. Nevertheless, it appears that country- and industry-specific characteristics, in addition to the timing of the offers, play a key role in explaining IPO behavior in the region. This paper's empirical findings support the hypothesis that investors are initially over-optimistic about an IPO's performance, but grow more pessimistic over time. 相似文献
63.
Abdullah Z. Sheikh Salwa Abdul-Fattah Al Azzeh 《International Journal of Human Resource Management》2013,24(6):1077-1095
This study examines whether individually held cultural values moderate the relationship between transformational leadership behavior of supervisors and the job involvement of subordinates in the Middle Eastern organizational context. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyze survey data from 229 employees of 10 organizations in the United Arab Emirates. In line with the findings of studies in Western countries, transformational leadership was found to influence job involvement positively. In addition, the cultural value orientations of individuals were found to moderate this relationship. Collectivism positively influenced the relationship between transformational leadership and job involvement, whereas uncertainty avoidance had a negative effect. These findings provide an insight into how transformational leadership may be used to motivate culturally diverse groups of employees within the Middle East. To enhance job involvement, organizations need to realize that the attitudinal response of subordinates to transformational leadership can depend on their cultural values. This has significant implications regarding the training and effective deployment of transformational leaders within Middle Eastern organizations. 相似文献
64.
Conventional wisdom in the mortgage industry holds that loan-to-value (LTV) ratios are positively correlated with mortgage default rates. However, not all empirical studies of mortgage loan performance support this view. This paper offers a theoretical signaling model of why the correlation between LTV ratios and default risk is contingent upon the default costs of the borrower. Specifically, the model proposes that when default costs are high there exists a separating equilibrium in which risky borrowers will self-select into lower LTV loans to reduce the probability of facing a costly default, while safe borrowers will self-select into higher LTV loans as a signal of their enhanced creditworthiness. This adverse selection process gives rise to the possibility of higher default probabilities for lower LTV loans. Conversely, when default costs are low the conventional result, in which risky borrowers select higher LTV loans than safe borrowers, is obtained. Empirical results, based on a sample of 859 single-family residential mortgage loans drawn from the portfolio of a national mortgage lender, are consistent with the separating equilibria predicted by the model. 相似文献
65.
Biru Paksha Paul Md. Gazi Salah Uddin Abdullah M. Noman 《International Review of Economics》2011,58(2):229-242
Although the relationship between remittances and output is still inconclusive in literature, most studies find that remittances
have a positive effect on output in the long run. Contrary to this conventional direction of causality from remittances to
output, our study finds that output alone determined long-run movements in remittances in a positive direction in the Bangladesh
economy over the last 35 years from 1976 to 2010. We use the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach
to cointegration to explore this long-run relationship. Surprisingly, remittances do not appear to be a long-run forcing variable
to the explanation of Bangladesh’s output over the same period. While examining the channels of this output–remittance mechanism
remains an area of research for the future, we hypothesize that the rise in remittances in response to increased income occurs
through higher import demand and greater investment opportunities. This finding implies that Bangladeshi policymakers can
influence remittances through national output in the long run. 相似文献
66.
67.
This paper tests the relationship between industry-level mergers and business cycle using panel tests that allow us to control
for macro-economic and industry-level determinants of merger activity. We find robust evidence that both related and unrelated industry-level mergers are pro-cyclical. However, the evidence is asymmetric between related and unrelated mergers. We also find strong evidence in support of two major theories of merger activity that have been proposed and tested
in the existing literature, namely, neoclassical theory and behavioral theory. The proxies of both neoclassical and behavioral
theories explain merger activity in general; however, the pro-cyclicality of mergers is not fully captured by any of these
proxies, individually or collectively. 相似文献
68.
Coordination games can represent a wide range of issues in real estate. In this paper, we present the results of an experiment designed to investigate the impact of regulatory threats in a coordination game. The experiment consisted of two sessions. The first session included a simple coordination game. We found significant coordination failures among the players in this session. We then conducted a second session in which we introduced a new player who had the choice to either intervene and regulate the payoffs of the other players or not to intervene and let the other players' actions determine the outcome. Our objective was to test whether the introduction of such a regulatory authority would induce more cooperative play by the players and move the market to the Pareto superior outcome. We found this not to be the case. There was no statistically significant difference between the choices of subjects in the two sessions. 相似文献
69.
Ismail Abd Latif Zainalabidin Mohamed Juwaidah Sharifuddin Amin Mahir Abdullah Mohd Mansor Ismail 《食品市场学杂志》2014,20(4):85-101
The aim of this study is to compare the various Halal certification bodies around the world based on the criteria for Halal certification. As the process of awarding Halal certificates varies among the certification bodies, it is pertinent to identify the differences between these selected certification bodies to gauge the gap existing among them. This study will also identify the position of JAKIM, which is the main Halal certification body in Malaysia, among the other main certification bodies around the world. Nine categories were identified in awarding Halal certification to companies. Comparative analysis was then used to see the differences that exist between these certification bodies. The results of the analysis indicate that, based on the nine categories identified, JAKIM is the strictest body in awarding Halal certification to companies. 相似文献
70.
Abdullah M. Alhidari Johara Alassaf Ahmed Al-Motawa 《International Review of Retail, Distribution & Consumer Research》2020,30(2):213-232
ABSTRACTWith the growing importance of retailers and the realization that brands are among retailers’ most valuable assets, store equity has become a management priority. Store equity has been recognized as a key element that helps retailers build a sustainable competitive advantage. In this context, this study presents a conceptual model of store equity and identifies key dimensions that contribute to its formation. A comprehensive review of studies within the area of store equity was conducted to compare and analyze the dimensions of store equity as discussed in the existing literature. The findings show that store equity consists of two main dimensions: store awareness and store image, which comprises merchandise, atmosphere, and convenience. In addition, important areas for future research on store equity and related topics are highlighted. 相似文献