Bundling strategy and product differentiation

The existing literature shows that a decrease in the degree of substitutability increases a monopoly’s incentive to bundle. This paper in addition takes into account competition in the second product market and then re-examines how intra-brand and inter-brand product differentiations affect the incentive to bundle. In order to formally examine the above conjectures, this research builds up a two-firm, two-product model in which product 1 (monopoly product) is produced only by the bundling firm and product 2 (competing product) is produced by both firms. The analysis shows that under both Bertrand and Cournot competitions the incentive to bundle does not necessarily increase with the degree of intra-brand differentiation, while it strictly decreases with the degree of inter-brand differentiation. Moreover, under Bertrand competition bundling always decreases consumer surplus, but may increase the competitor’s profit and social surplus. Under Cournot competition bundling always reduces the opponent’s profit and social welfare, but may increase consumer surplus.     

客运企业服务品质综合评价模型研究——基于顾客满意度理论

本文将顾客满意度理论应用于交通运输行业,建立了用于衡量旅客运输企业服务品质的旅客满意度评价理论框架,框架由6个因素组成,其中预期质量、感知质量和感知价值是旅客满意度的原因变量,旅客抱怨和旅客忠诚则是旅客满意度的结果变量。基于上述6变量本文分别设计了评价指标体系,并设计了评价流程。     

Evaluation of medical costs associated with use of new oral anticoagulants compared with standard therapy among venous thromboembolism patients

Objective:

This study evaluated differences in medical costs associated with clinical end-points from randomized clinical trials that compared the new oral anticoagulants (NOACs), dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, to standard therapy for treatment of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Research design and methods:

Event rates of efficacy and safety end-points from the clinical trials (RE-COVER, RE-COVER II, EINSTEIN-Pooled, AMPLIFY, Hokusai-VTE trial) were obtained from published literature. Incremental annual medical costs among patients with clinical events from a US payer perspective were obtained from the literature or healthcare claims databases and inflation adjusted to 2013 costs. Differences in total medical costs associated with clinical end-points for the NOACs vs standard therapy were then estimated. One-way and Monte Carlo sensitivity analyses were carried out.

Results:

A lower rate of major bleedings was associated with use of any of the NOACs vs standard therapy. Except for dabigatran, use of NOACs was also associated with a lower rate of recurrent VTE/death. As a result of the reduction in clinical event rates, the overall medical cost differences were ?$146, ?$482, ?$918, and ?$344 for VTE patients treated with dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, respectively, vs patients treated with standard therapy.

Conclusions:

When any of the four NOACs are used instead of standard therapy for acute VTE, treatment medical costs are reduced. Apixaban is associated with the greatest reduction in medical costs, which is driven by medical cost reductions associated with both efficacy and safety end-points. Further evaluation may be needed to validate these results in the real-world setting.     

海峡两岸经济合作:创新与双赢——第二次海峡两岸经济发展论坛综述

2008年5月17～18日,由国际欧亚科学院中国科学中心发起,福建师范大学、厦门大学、福建省社会科学界联合会联合主办的第二次“海峡两岸经济发展论坛（福州）”在福州举行。来自大陆、台湾、香港的知名专家学者、企业界高层人士、120余人参加会议。专家们从两岸经济合作发展的新机遇、制度创新与创造双赢、两岸经济进一步合作的动力、基础与模式、两岸产业合作、建设海峡西岸经济区等方面,阐述了各自的思考、建议与依据。现将论坛的主要观点综述如下。     

蒙中经济区区位条件及其开发对策研究

本文通过阐述加快开发蒙中经济区的战略意义、分析蒙中经济区矿产资源、社会经济条件和地缘等区位优势以及水资源、自然生态环境和地区二元结构等制约因素,提出建立经济技术开发区、建立蒙中经济区发展规划制定实施管理协调专门机构、健全机制体系、适当扩大城镇辖区和优先发展乡村教育事业等加快蒙中经济区发展对策建议。     

人民币"币值低估"的实证探讨--从出口贸易角度的解析

最近一段时期,人民币遭遇升值压力,面对这种压力,我们需要回答的关键问题是人民币是否存在如美日等国所强调的“币值低估”问题。本文运用计量经济学的方法,通过对实际数据的检验分析来说明中国出口贸易的增长与长期以来贸易顺差的实现,并不是由人民币币值低估所致。因此,我国政府应当采取以汇率政策为主导,财政政策和货币政策为辅助的多种策略搭配,来缓解人民币升值压力,确保人民币币值稳定。     

浅析案例教学法在《市场营销学》课程教学中的应用

案例教学作为一种新的教学方法,在激发学生创造性思维,提高分析、决策能力方面具有不可替代的优点.但这种方式的运用有许多条件限制,对任课教师也有较高要求.为了使市场营销案例在教学中真正要发挥其效果,必须精心组织,并注意处理好几个应用中的常见问题.     

次贷危机与中国住宅房地产市场

相对美国,中国住宅房地产市场处于早期阶段,房地产相关金融更是刚起步,源于复杂房地产金融产品的次贷危机与中国房地产市场的直接联系很少。     

债券组合Theta对冲的实证研究

本文推导了Diebold-Li广义久期向量模型下的Theta,并利用上交所国债数据进行实证研究。结果表明,在久期匹配的条件下引入凸度匹配或Theta匹配均可减小风险对冲误差,且引入凸度匹配时风险对冲误差更小。