浅论两汉时期河湟羌人的种姓家支制度

两汉时期的羌乱给汉王朝带来了巨大的灾祸,是促使东汉灭亡的因素之一。除了共同的政治经济利益使河湟各羌落凝聚起来反对汉王朝对羌民的歧视和苛政外,其本身存在已久的种姓家支制度亦使河湟羌落间始终有种潜在的联系,也正是这种制度使得徙入塞内上百年的羌人仍与塞外的羌落间有着相同的认知,促进羌落间的聚合。因此种姓家支制度是种潜在的凝聚机制。汉王朝亦认识到羌人家支制度对其统治产生的威胁,也有意识的予以破坏。     

证明函数零点问题的研究

证明函数有且只有一个零点,通过构造方程,转化成方程有且仅有一个实根的问题,然后利用闭区间上连续函数的性质以及微分中值定理或函数单调性即可证明。     

基于主成分分析法的地铁运营关键绩效指标体系研究

目前国内研究尚缺乏一套科学的、系统的、有效的对地铁运营的评价体系.本文以成都地铁为研究对象,采用问卷调研法,将16个初级指标做成问卷让受访者进行打分,之后将数据导入SPSS软件,分析其效度与信度,剔除信度较低的指标,最终获得3个一级指标和15个重要的二级评价指标,并以此构建出一套对地铁运营绩效的评价指标.最后通过对受访者问卷的打分情况,分析出乘客看重哪些因子,并以此向相关部门提出建议.     

Revisiting the relationship between suicide and unemployment: Evidence from linear and nonlinear cointegration

This study employs the linear and nonlinear ARDL cointegration methodologies to examine the potential symmetric and asymmetric responses of suicide rates to unemployment rates in the US from 1928 to 2013. Our results suggest that suicide rates are pro-cyclical with respect to the business cycle (measured by changes in the unemployment rate) after extensively controlling for divorce and fertility rates. Unemployment has symmetric long-run effects on the age-adjusted suicide rate and four age-specific (from ages 25–34 to 55–64) suicide rates, while the effect of an economic expansion on suicide rates for those aged over 45 is greater than the effect of an economic recession. These findings imply that the effect of an economic expansion on the decrease of the suicide rate is higher than the effect of an economic recession on the increase of the suicide rate for individuals aged over 45. Therefore, intervention designed to reduce suicidal behaviors should emphasize periods of economic recession more than periods of economic expansion for those of middle age and beyond.     

Government debt and fiscal execution efficiency

Governments have used deficit policies in recent years, yet many still face fiscal debt problems. Thus, this research uses Range Directional Measure Dynamic Directional Distance Function model with negative data to explore the financial efficiency of local governments in Taiwan from 2011 to 2018. This article has three major contributions: (1) The research uses RDM Dynamic DDF model with negative data to solve the problem of negative values on input and output data and uses dynamic models to make up for the deficiencies of past research. (2) Due to the differences in regions, local governments have different fiscal budgets. Therefore, this article uses the Wilcoxon Test to explore the efficiency differences of local governments in different regions. (3) This article analyzes the impact of central subsidies and government deficits (debts) of local governments on fiscal efficiency, and discusses the efficiency of government fiscal execution. The results are as follows. (1) Seven counties and cities with the best efficiency, and seven local governments with poor efficiency. (2) The fiscal performances of outlying islands and eastern local governments are better than those of western local governments. (3) Kaohsiung City has the highest accumulated debt and Tainan City exhibits poor financial performance.     

A fuzzy AHP approach based on the concept of possibility extent

The main purpose of this paper is to develop a fuzzy AHP method for tackling the uncertainty and imprecision existing in multi-criteria decision process. The proposed method uses fuzzy pair-wise comparison judgments in place of exact numerical values of the comparison ratios. The geometric mean technique is used to integrate all decision-makers’ opinions and construct the fuzzy positive reciprocal matrices. The algebraic operations of triangular fuzzy numbers are utilized to calculate the fuzzy suitability indices of all alternatives. The extent analysis method is used to compute the degree of possibility of priority among fuzzy suitability indices. Besides, two principles are presented to solve the multi-criteria decision problem in a fuzzy decision environment. Principle I provides a partial preorder, and Principle II gives a total preorder on the set of the possible alternatives. Finally, a numerical example of selecting the company with optimal performance in performing customer relationship management is used to demonstrate the decision process of proposed method.     

Evaluating the operational performance of knowledge-based industries: the perspective of intellectual capital

Performance evaluation is more than a quantitative concept but should also take industrial characteristics into account in order to form an accurate evaluation. In the past, evaluations of the operational performance of knowledge-based industries have missed out a significant factor, which is intellectual capital (IC). By adopting data envelopment analysis (DEA), a multiple-objective decision making method, this study aims to construct an efficiency evaluation model for the Taiwanese digital content industry based on the perspective of IC. The empirical results suggest that the scale of the digital content companies does play an important role in influencing the operating efficiency. The firms have a small amount of capital can still attain optimal efficiency, from the perspective of IC. In addition, human resource capital and customer capital are the most significant influential factors that deserve digital content firms’ attention. It is suggested that enterprises in the digital content industries should focus more on managing their IC. DEA can provide the semiconductor firms’ operations with insights into resource allocation and competitive advantage as well as help with strategic decision-making.     

基于蚁群聚类算法的绿色内陆港宏观布局研究

为解决绿色理念指导下的内陆港宏观布局问题,考虑了备选城市的环境友好性对内陆港发展空间持续性的影响,首先分析影响内陆港宏观布局的因素,之后选取具有较强鲁棒性、采用正反馈原理的蚁群聚类方法,从经济发展水平、多式联运能力、政策环境、发展空间持续性等角度,构建绿色内陆港布局模型.最后以天津港为对象的实例分析表明,蚁群聚类模型对于解决环境友好型内陆港布局问题是有效的,结果基本符合实际情况.该研究为构建绿色内陆运输网络、实现绿色物流提供了科学方法.     

Sequential estimate for linear regression models with uncertain number of effective variables

As a result of novel data collection technologies, it is now common to encounter data in which the number of explanatory variables collected is large, while the number of variables that actually contribute to the model remains small. Thus, a method that can identify those variables with impact on the model without inferring other noneffective ones will make analysis much more efficient. Many methods are proposed to resolve the model selection problems under such circumstances, however, it is still unknown how large a sample size is sufficient to identify those “effective” variables. In this paper, we apply sequential sampling method so that the effective variables can be identified efficiently, and the sampling is stopped as soon as the “effective” variables are identified and their corresponding regression coefficients are estimated with satisfactory accuracy, which is new to sequential estimation. Both fixed and adaptive designs are considered. The asymptotic properties of estimates of the number of effective variables and their coefficients are established, and the proposed sequential estimation procedure is shown to be asymptotically optimal. Simulation studies are conducted to illustrate the performance of the proposed estimation method, and a diabetes data set is used as an example.     

互联网对企业协同创新中知识增值的影响——软创新资源的作用

互联网环境下协同创新中的知识增值运行机制发生重大改变。从知识流视角出发,整合资源基础观与知识基础观,在完善软创新资源概念的基础上,通过对4个案例的深入探索,分析软创新资源各维度对协同创新知识增值的影响。结果表明,互联网的群智性、泛在性等特点可以孕育出软创新资源,进而影响协同创新中的知识增值。其中,软创新资源包括开放型信息资源、协同型关系资源、创新型文化资源以及技术型能力资源4个维度,并分别作用于知识获取、知识转移、知识创造和应用,从而实现知识增值。最后,针对如何最大程度地发挥互联网在促进知识增值方面的作用,提出相关建议。