Growth dynamics: the bidirectional relationship between interfirm collaboration and business sales in entrant and incumbent alliances

This paper demonstrates the existence of bidirectional relationships between interfirm collaboration and business sales. Controlling for factors that influence whether firms form collaborative relationships, the analysis shows that entry and post‐entry collaboration often contribute to superior performance, which in turn attracts more partners. However, the performance influences vary across types of collaborators and collaborations, with differences among entrant and incumbent partners, between marketing and R&D partnerships, by partner size, and across time. The empirical analysis examines businesses that operated in the U.S. hospital software systems industry between 1961 and 1991. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Forecasting Real Inventories and the Anomaly of Money Illusion

While the transmission mechanism of inventory behavior in the business cycle has been studied, less effort has been devoted to applied forecasting of inventory change. Inventory fluctuations have accounted for a sizable portion of the changes in U.S. GDP during recessions over the past fifty years. In this paper, we report on out-of-sample forecasts of manufacturing and trade inventories generated by regression and neural network methodology. Our forecasting model is Metzlerian in approach, in that the divergence between actual and targeted sales is hypothesized as the primary cause of inventory imbalance. Our forecasts also rely on the slow adjustment of inventory investment to sales surprises. However, the likely presence of money illusion is a caveat to users, and we address several distortions it introduces to inventory management measures.     

Mobile banking in a developing economy: A customer-centric model for policy formulation

India needs inclusive growth to pull millions out of poverty. Despite the best efforts of mainstream financial institutions, financial exclusion is depriving millions of poor any chance to attain adequate standard of living. Telecommunication infrastructure growth especially mobile phone penetration has created an opportunity for providing financial inclusion. The current state of mobile banking is characterized by a top-down approach. This paper presents a bottom-up approach of designing mobile banking service which would be acceptable and accessible to the poor customers. The results point to clear preference of the urban poor for a joint bank–telecom led mobile banking model. Conjoint analysis of the data points to preference for attributes related to security/safety of a bank along with the coverage, accessibility and nimbleness of a telecom service provider with minimal documentation. The paper in its conclusion exhorts the regulators, telecom service providers and financial institutions to involve end-users in order to create a sustainable mobile banking service for financial inclusion.     

Adjustment Dynamics of Paper and Paprboard Consurption in Canada

Using time-series data from 1961 to 1982, habitual nature of consumption of paper and paperboard products in Canada was analyzed and short-run and long-run income and price elasticities were estimated. Five groups of paper and paperboard products, based on data from Canadian sources, were specified: (i) newsprint, (ii) printing and writing paper, (iii) tissue and sanitary paper, (iv) wrapping paper, and (v) paperboard. Two formulations of stock adjustment models (with current income and current price in the first and permanent income and expected price in the second) were specified. An adaptive expectation model and a double logarithmic static model were also estimated for comparing the results with the more desirable dynamic stock adjustment models. The first two models were estimated by nonlinear estimation technique. The adaptive expectation model was estimated with the combination of GLS and a two-dimensional grid search over expectation coefficients. The static model was estimated by the OLS. The results indicated that it is worthwhile to estimate dynamic models because they show superiority over the static model in terms of explanatory power. Estimates from the stock adjustment model indicated that consumption of newsprint and printing and writing paper are subject to inventory adjustments and the other three products to habit formation. The income and price coefficients were all estimated to be positive and negative, respectively, and mostly were significantly different from zero. All long-run income and price elasticities exceeded those in the short run. Consumption of all paper and paperboard products in Canada was found to be income elastic in the long run. Similarly, price elasticities of consumption of all products were high and greater than one for printing and writing paper and for paperboard in the long run. Thus, the supposedly inelastic response of consumption of paper and paperboard to price changes, as concluded by many workers in the past, is not supported when habit, stock and expectational effects are taken into account. La nature habituelie de consommation de papier et de produits de carton au Canada est étudiée d'après les données chronologiques de 1961 à 1982. Les revenus sur une periode courte et longue ainsi que l‘élasticité des prix sont estimés. Cinq groupes de papier et de produits de carton, basés sur des données de source canadienne, sont spécifiés: (i) papier journal, (ii) papier d'imprimerie et d’écriture, (iii) papier pelure et papier sanitaire, (iv) papier d'emballage, et (v) carton. Deux formulations de modèles de règlement de stock (avec revenu courant et prix courant dans la première et revenu permanent et prix attendu dans la deuxième) sont spécifiées. Un modèle adaptable d'attente et un modèle “double logarithmic static” sont aussi estimés pour comparer les résultats avec les modèles d'adjustage dynamique de stock qui sont plus désirables. Les deux premiers modèles sont estimés par une technique d'estimation nonlinéaire. Le modèle adaptable d'attente est estimé avec la combinaison de GLS et une recherche de quadrillage à deux dimensions des coefficients d'attente. Le modèle statique est estimé par OLS. Les résultats indiquent qu'il est valable d'estimer les modèles dynamiques parce qu'ils montrent la supériorité sur le modéle statique en terme de pouvoir explicatif. Les estimations du modèle d'ajustage de stock indiquent que la consommation de papier journal et de papier d'imprimerie et d‘écriture est sujet à des ajustages d'inventaire et les trois autres produits à la formation d'habitude. Les coefficients de revenu et de prix sont tous estimés positifs et négatifs, respectivement, et surtout sont significativement different de zéro. Toutes les élasticités de période longue de revenu et de prix ont excédé celles de période courte. On trouve que la consommation de tous papiers et produits de carton au Canada est élastique quant au revenu à la longue. De la même manière, les élasticités de prix de consommation de tous les produits sont élevées et plus qu'un pour le papier d'imprimerie et d’écriture et pour le carton à la longue. Done, la réponse de consommation de papier et carton aux changements de prix supposément inélastique, ainsi que conclue par beaucoup de travailleurs dans le passé, n'est pas supportée lorsque l'habitude, le stock et les effets attendus sont pris en considération.     

Business ethics,economic development and protection of the environment in the new world order

The end of the cold war has elevated environmental issues to the highest level of concern for humanity while creating a world order dominated by the United States of America and other Western nations. This new power structure may likely lead to increased business activity in many parts of the world, as nations formerly preoccupied with the cold war turn their attention to economic development. This paper examines the linkages among ethics, economic development and protection and restoration of the environment in The New World Order.Emily F. Carasco is Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law of the University of Windsor. Her research focus is on international law and family law.Jang B. Singh is Associate Professor at the Faculty of Business Administration of the University of Windsor. His research focus is on ethical issues involved in the management process.     

On the generalization of Rao,Hartley and Cochran's scheme

Summary The problem considered in this paper is a generalization of the usual Rao, Hartley and Cochran (RHC) scheme. In the usual RHC scheme the population ofN units is randomly divided inton groups wheren is the size of the sample. In this paper we propose to divide the population under consideration into (n+k) random groups wherek is some positive integer. Then a sample ofn groups is selected by using simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR). The expressions for the unbiased estimator of population total, its variance and the unbiased estimate of variance have been obtained under the proposed sheme. The condition under which the proposed sheme is more efficient than the usual RHC scheme has also been investigated.     

Machine Learning and Expert Judgement: Analyzing Emerging Topics in Accounting and Finance Research in the Asia–Pacific

In this paper, we focus on the question to what extent machine learning (ML) tools can be used to support systematic literature reviews. We apply a ML approach for topic detection to analyze emerging topics in the literature—our context is accounting and finance research in the Asia–Pacific region. To evaluate the robustness of the approach, we compare findings from the automated ML approach with the results from a manual analysis of the literature. The automated approach uses a keyword algorithm detection mechanism whereby the manual analysis uses common techniques for qualitative data analysis, that is, triangulation between researchers (expert judgement). From our paper, we conclude that both methods have strengths and weaknesses. The automated analysis works well for large corpora of text and provides a very standardized and non-biased way of analyzing the literature. However, the human researcher is potentially better equipped to evaluate current issues and future trends in the literature. Overall, the best results might be achieved when a variety of tools are used together.     

RESPONSE OF FINANCIAL MARKETS TO ANNOUNCEMENTS OF THE AUSTRALIAN CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE

This paper documents the response of exchange rates, interest rates and stock prices to monthly announcements of the Australian current account balance. Survey data on market participants' expectations and forecasts generated from ARIMA time series models are used to identify the unexpected component of the announcements. The study also controls for day-of-the-week effects that have been documented in the Australian equity market The results support the efficient market hypothesis and show a significant depreciation of the Australian dollar in foreign exchange markets and a significant rise in both short- and long-term interest rates to announcements of larger than expected current account deficits. The study was, however, unable to find evidence of a significant stock price response to the current account announcements.     

On the efficiency comparison of certain randomized response strategies

Comparisons between different randomized response strategies have already been performed by several workers but all have concentrated solely on comparing the variances of the appropriate estimators. A very little attention has been paid by these workers to the degree of privacy protection offered to the interviewees. In the present paper, an attempt has been made in this direction and some important randomized response strategies have been compared with the Warner's model, taking into account the aspect of privacy protection. Received February 2000     

Shareholder Value Maximisation,Stock Market and New Technology: Should the US Corporate Model be the Universal Standard? 1

In 1992 a blue‐ribbon group of US economists led by Michael Porter concluded that the US stock market‐based corporate model was misallocating resources and jeopardising US competitiveness. The faster growth of US economy since then and the supposed US lead in the spread of information technology has brought new legitimacy to the stock market and the corporate model, which is being hailed as the universal standard. Two main conclusions of the analysis presented here are: (a) there is no warrant for revising the blue‐ribbon group’s conclusion; and (b) even US corporations let alone developing country ones would be better off not having stock market valuation as a corporate goal.