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21.
We complement the Sonnenschein–Mantel–Debreu results by establishing that an exchange economy, i.e., preferences and endowments, that generates a given aggregate excess demand (AED) function is close to the economy that generates a perturbation of this AED. As a consequence, genericity and determinacy results obtained by direct perturbation of an AED are as strong as results obtained by perturbing preferences and endowments. 相似文献
22.
Robin Stanley Snell Dean Tjosvold Sofia Su Fang 《Asia Pacific Journal of Management》2006,23(3):319-343
The idea of constructive controversy and the theory of cooperation and competition together suggest the type of interaction that promotes satisfactory resolution of ethical conflicts and the conditions under which this occurs. A sample of 101 Chinese mainland employees described and rated a critical incident of an ethical conflict at work. Structural equation analyses indicated that when the employees had goals that were cooperatively related with those of other stakeholders in the conflict, rather than competitive or independent goals, this facilitated constructive controversy, i.e., open-minded discussion, which, in turn, led to effective outcomes in terms of substantive ethical impact and interactional justice. Results also indicated that high levels of moral intensity strengthened competitive goals and rendered constructive controversy less likely. Implications are that organizations should make it clear to members that conflict avoidance and moral muteness are inappropriate responses to ethically unsound practices and policies, that it is important to detect ethically questionable behaviours or policies at an early stage, and that wherever possible these should be discussed promptly, before an uncomfortably high level of moral intensity is reached. Constructive controversy is suggested as a process through which corporate codes of conduct may be developed. 相似文献
23.
Dean Tjosvold Ann Chunyan Peng Nancy Yifeng Chen Sofia Su Fang 《Group Decision and Negotiation》2013,22(4):801-821
Uncertainty has been thought to challenge the cognitive capabilities of managers and thereby undermine their decision-making abilities. However, managers who experience uncertainty in that they are unsure of the adequacy of their own position may open-mindedly consult with their colleagues in the organization before they make the decision. A sample of 122 Chinese mainland managers described and rated a critical incident when they tried to make a decision. Regression analyses indicated that to the extent that managers initially felt uncertain about the solution they engaged in constructive controversy, i.e. the open-minded discussion for mutual benefit, which, in turn, led to effective decision-making. Cooperative goals further moderated the association of uncertainty with cooperative goals such that the positive association was stronger with less cooperative goals. These results underline the positive role of uncertainty in solving difficult problems, especially under competitive goals. 相似文献
24.
Miguel A. Ferreira Aneel Keswani Antnio F. Miguel Sofia B. Ramos 《The Financial Review》2019,54(4):679-708
We study performance persistence across a global sample of equity mutual funds from 27 countries. In contrast to the existing U.S.‐based evidence, we find that net performance persistence is present in the majority of fund industries, suggesting that fund manager skill is commonplace rather than a rarity. Consistent with the intuition that more competition in the mutual fund industry makes remaining a winner fund less likely but keeping a loser fund at the bottom of the performance ranks more probable, we show that competitiveness explains the cross‐sectional variation in performance persistence. 相似文献
25.
This article considers an international sample of venture capital and private equity funds to assess the role of law, corruption, and culture in setting fund manager fees. With better legal conditions, fixed fees are lower, carried interest fees are higher, clawbacks are less likely, and share distributions are more likely. Countries with lower levels of corruption have lower fixed fees and higher performance fees, and are less likely to have clawbacks and cash-only distributions. Hofstede’s measure of power distance is negatively related to fixed fees and the use of cash-only distributions, but positively related to performance fees and clawbacks. Overall, the data strongly indicate that corruption, culture, and legal settings are much more significant in determining fees than fund manager characteristics and/or market conditions. 相似文献
26.
A large share of international trade occurs through intra-firm transactions. We show that this common cross-border organization of the firm has implications for the well-documented incomplete transmission of shocks across such borders. We present new evidence of an inverse relationship between a firm's outsourcing of inputs and its rate of exchange-rate pass-through. We then develop a structural econometric model with final assemblers and upstream parts suppliers to quantify how firms' organization of their activities across national borders affects their pass-through behavior. 相似文献
27.
This study investigated factors influencing line managers' and professionals' perceptions of the HRM capabilities of the HR function. Using a sample of 913 managers and professionals in subsidiaries of 11 Nordic multinational corporations, we tested the extent to which features of the unit's HRM system, attitudes of the unit's general manager and characteristics of the HR manager helped explain the perceived HRM capabilities. The analysis revealed that perceived HRM practice visibility and HRM inducements (the link between individual performance and HRM‐related benefits) were strong predictors of individual perceptions of the HR function's HRM capabilities. The use of e‐HRM and the most senior manager's attitudes towards the unit's HRM practices were also significantly related to perceived HRM capabilities. 相似文献
28.
This paper analyses a Pre-seed Fund (PSF) government venture capital (VC) program for the purpose of improving our understanding
about effective public policy towards entrepreneurial finance. The PSF program is a public-private partnership started in
2002 for the purpose of fostering more investment in nascent high-tech entrepreneurial firms in Australia. Data from Venture
Economics indicate PSFs are the primary provider of seed stage VC in Australia, but PSFs are not more likely to invest in
high-tech firms than other types of VC funds. PSFs have smaller portfolios (number of investees) per manager than other types
of VC funds, and are more likely to invest in firms resident in the same state, but do not stage and syndicate more frequently
than other types of VC funds. Overall, therefore, the structure of the program has given rise to mixed performance in terms
of finance and governance provided to nascent high-tech entrepreneurial firms. As well, there is also suggestive evidence
that the PSF program diminishes the incentives for Innovation Investment Funds (a previously existing Australian government
VC fund program) to invest in seed stage ventures, and hence competing government initiatives appear to be crowding out one
another. Further evidence suggests that among the four PSFs in existence, one PSF has outperformed the other PSFs in regards
to the investee firm patents and financial statement performance, even though this fund has invested less money and charged
lower management fees than its counterparts. Hence, a further implication is that the impact of government-sponsored VC funds
depends not only on the design of the program but also on the selection of the VC managers carrying out the investments.
相似文献
Sofia JohanEmail: URL: http://ssrn.com/author=370203 |
29.
Björn Falkenhall Jonas Månsson Sofia Tano 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2020,122(2):824-850
In this paper, we investigate the impact on firms of the value added tax (VAT) reform that took effect in Sweden on 1 January 2012 for restaurant and catering services. Unlike previous research, we use a synthetic control group approach to construct our counterfactual. Our analysis shows that the VAT reduction had a positive effect on turnover, total wages, employment, profit margins, and net entry of firms. The effects of the reform tend to decrease over time. In all, the results point to an overall better performance for the restaurant industry compared with what it would have been in absence of the reform. 相似文献
30.
This paper empirically considers the role of preplanned exits (the investor's initial strategy to sell the investee firm via an acquisition or an initial public offering (IPO) at the time of initial contract with the entrepreneur), legal conditions and investor versus investee bargaining power in the allocation of cash flow and control rights in entrepreneurial finance. We introduce a sample of 223 entrepreneurial investee firms financed by 35 venture capital funds in 11 continental European countries, and these data indicate the following. First, preplanned acquisition exits are associated with stronger investor veto and control rights, a greater probability that convertible securities will be used, and a lower probability that common equity will be used; the converse is observed for preplanned IPOs. Second, investors take fewer control and veto rights and use common equity in countries of German legal origin, relative to Socialist, Scandinavian, and French legal origin. Third, more experienced entrepreneurs are more likely to get financed with common equity and less likely to be financed with convertible preferred equity, while more experienced investors are more likely to use convertible preferred equity and less likely to use common equity. 相似文献