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991.
Aditya Bhattacharjea 《Review of Industrial Organization》2017,51(2):173-191
The starting point of this paper is a January 1977 judgment of the Indian Supreme Court, which applied the rule of reason to vertical restraints and anticipated many of the arguments of the Sylvania judgment. After summarizing the background of the Indian case, I set out the main points of similarity and difference between the two judgments, and finally assess the somewhat erratic influence of post-Sylvania antitrust thinking on Indian competition law and jurisprudence. 相似文献
992.
Andreucci Colette Chatoney Marjolaine 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2017,27(1):1-18
Many studies have shown the importance of the socio-cultural factors that lead girls to desert scientific and technological courses. Over a long period, the contents of the French technology education (TE) college curricula may well have contributed to strengthening the feeling among girls that this discipline was better suited to boys. The choice of technical artifacts that embody the knowledge taught could be partially responsible for this. Our investigation was conducted in two stages. Firstly, we made an inventory of artifacts presented in four TE schoolbooks for the 6th grade. Secondly, we submitted this list to a population of 98 girls and boys (12–14 years). Our results indicate that most of these artifacts were categorized as mixed. However, those that are classed as masculine are more numerous than feminine one’s. They are also more prevalent among girls and their number increases with age. The grouping of these artifacts by families also shows gender differences. 相似文献
993.
Hans-Wilhelm Schiffer 《能源经济杂志》2017,41(2):75-85
Germany has only very limited domestic energy resources. Seventy percent of primary energy needs must be covered by imports. The markets for energy are marked by a wide diversity and a large number of providers. The oil market has been intensely competitive for decades now. Lignite and hard coal are subjected to fierce substitution competition, especially with natural gas. The natural gas and electricity markets were fully liberalized in 1998. Consumers can freely choose from a vast number of suppliers. Since the beginning of this century, however, state interference particularly in the electricity market has increased. The expansion of renewables has been promoted since the year 2000 by feed-in priority and feed-in remunerations regulated by the state. The energy transition initiated in 2011 is characterized by ambitious energy and climate policy targets. Key pillars include the conversion of electricity generation from production on the basis of conventional energy sources to a system based mainly on renewable energies combined with stringent requirements designed to enhance energy efficiency and what are probably the most ambitious climate protection targets worldwide. As regards the expansion of renewables and the phase-out of nuclear energy, Germany is keeping to its target path. By contrast, there are no signs yet that the objectives formulated in terms of the lowering of primary energy consumption and the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions will be achieved. 相似文献
994.
Germany’s energy turnaround is leading to an increasing integration of photovoltaics (PVs) throughout its distribution grid. To ensure safe grid operation in times of high solar radiation, PV plants must either be throttled back to comply with the feed-in limitation or store a portion of their excess electricity in batteries. This paper presents a grid-optimized operating strategy for PV storage systems based on a Fuzzy Logic Controller that reduces peak feed-in and thus also PV curtailment losses. The Fuzzy Logic Controller uses data on PV power surplus and battery charge level as input variables. To obtain good results, the set of numerical parameters of the membership functions is enhanced by evolutionary programming.The energetic assessment shows that even small electrical storage capacities (<<5?kWh) reduce curtailment losses considerably when using the grid-optimized operating strategy. The economic assessment shows that, in 2016, investments in PV storage systems with large PV plants and small batteries have small (positive) Internal Rates of Return. The system efficiency of the battery storage has a small impact on the profitability of PV storage systems, whereas the cycle stability and the electricity purchase price have a large impact. Moreover, there is an economic benefit for plant operators to switch from the simple to the grid-optimized operating strategy. Solar forecast inaccuracies and variations in load and generation profiles have a negligible impact on the performance of the control algorithm. 相似文献
995.
The interaction of centralised and decentralised elements is not only a challenge for the technical und functional implementation of the energy transition, but also for the political and social assignment of developing adequate governance strategies for future energy systems. While “participation” is of capital importance for all governance approaches mediating centralising and decentralising trends, it is far from clear, how participation is to be realized in order to promote energy transition and avoiding pitfalls and flaws of participative decision making processes. Against the backdrop of a multi-dimensional understanding of “participation” comprising procedural, factual, legitimatory and meta-reflective functions, the paper considers the tense relations of participation and efficiency, legitimacy and professionalized expertise, thereby identifying structural challenges for participation in democratic societies. Finally, some suggestions are made, how the governance of the energy transition can be shaped in the future. 相似文献
996.
997.
Existing studies of market orientation have hypothesized that the strength of the market orientation/performance relationship
depends on environmental variables such as market turbulence, technological turbulence, and competitive intensity. To date
most empirical studies have failed to confirm these hypotheses; however, these studies (1) assumed that performance is a linear
function of the achieved level of market orientation and (2) tested whether environmental uncertainty moderates this relationship.
A complementary explanation for the impact of environmental variables on a firm’s market orientation arises from studies of
organizational behavior that link the need for coordination and control to environmental uncertainty and organizational strategy.
Building on this perspective, the authors argue that (1) environmental uncertainty influences the desired level of market
orientation and (2) the gap between the desired and achieved levels of market orientation influence business unit performance.
The authors test these hypotheses with data collected from multiple respondents in 308 US firms. The data analysis confirms
that the desired level of market orientation is a function of market turbulence, competitive intensity, technological turbulence,
and innovation strategy. In addition, the desired level of market orientation positively influences the achieved level. Finally,
when the achieved level of market orientation is less than the desired level, business unit performance is a negative function
of the gap between the desired and achieved levels of market orientation.
相似文献
Mark E. Parry (Corresponding author)Email: |
998.
Sridhar N. Ramaswami Rajendra K. Srivastava Mukesh Bhargava 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2009,37(2):97-116
While there is recognition that market-based capabilities contribute to a firm’s financial performance, the exposition is
largely conceptual (Srivastava et al. Journal of Marketing 62:2–18, 1998; Journal of Marketing 63:168–179, 1999). Using a
resource based view of the firm, the present study proposes that (1) market-based assets and capabilities of a firm impacts
(2) performance in three market-facing business processes (new product development, supply-chain and customer management),
which in turn, influence (3) the firm’s financial performance. It develops related hypotheses and tests the framework empirically.
The study also examines for the first time the interrelationship among the three business processes and their impact on the
market value of firms. Further, the study examines the moderating influence of two organizational variables—size and age of
the firm. Overall, the major contribution of the study is that it offers a process linkage between capabilities, process performance
and financial performance. The results of this research will provide strategic insights to managers on optimal customer management,
product development and supply chain strategies.
相似文献
Mukesh BhargavaEmail: |
999.
Evaluation of subsidiary marketing performance: combining process and outcome performance metrics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dhruv Grewal Gopalkrishnan R. Iyer Wagner A. Kamakura Anuj Mehrotra Arun Sharma 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2009,37(2):117-129
Issues in evaluating marketing performance and devising appropriate metrics for measurement have taken center stage in marketing
thought and practice in recent years. We propose an empirical model that enables a multinational enterprise (MNE) to assess
the marketing performance of its subsidiaries, taking into explicit consideration the fact that tactical actions by subsidiaries
contribute to the creation of assets that can be harnessed for marketing outcomes. Thus, our model captures the asset creation
abilities of marketing expenditures and also takes in to account the environmental differences of the context in which each
MNE subsidiary operates. We evaluate comparative, overall, and process-level (creation of market assets and market yield)
marketing performance in the context of multi-country operations. This simultaneous examination of marketing process and marketing
outcome performance enables a global corporation to gain strategic, operational, and diagnostic insights into the performance
of its subsidiaries. Our approach is empirically illustrated with an evaluation of the marketing performance of subsidiaries
of a large global corporation. 相似文献
1000.
Can Uslay Robert E. Morgan Jagdish N. Sheth 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2009,37(1):47-60
The authors review Peter Drucker’s contributions to marketing theory and practice. A bibliometric analysis of Drucker’s academic
influence in marketing is presented. The five main tenets that are derived from the bibliometric study are expanded upon as
follows: (1) The Marketing Concept: Creating Value for Customers; (2) Broadened Role of Marketing in Society: Corporate Social
Responsibility, Consumerism, Social Marketing, and Lessons from Non-Profit Organizations; (3) Contributions to Marketing Strategy:
The Obvious and Not So Obvious; (4) Marketing-Innovation Interface: New Product Development; (5) Future of Globalization:
Rise of Non-National Enterprises.
相似文献
Jagdish N. ShethEmail: |