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31.
Optimal government policy is considered in a second-best framework where consumers and producers cause an externality of the congestion type and income distribution issues are taken into account. The theoretical results of the optimal tax literature are adapted using the concept of the net social Pigouvian tax. An illustrative AGE model uncovers the relative importance of its components. The model demonstrates that the level of the externality tax does not depend strongly on distribution concerns, as reoptimization of the other taxes ensures that the income distribution objective is reached. The model also allows us to study the interaction between externality taxes and public abatement. 相似文献
32.
We study how the relative cost efficiency of three market-based instruments—emission taxes, tradable permits and output taxes—is
influenced by the combination of accounting for incomplete compliance and pre-existing labor taxes. First, accounting for
violations makes the policy instruments less effective so that environmental damages have to be larger to justify a policy.
Secondly, including fines in a second-best setting provides a new means of collecting government revenues and of lessening
existing tax distortions. We show that the relative position of grandfathered tradable permits vis-à-vis emission taxes improves
considerably when incomplete compliance is incorporated in a second-best setting. A simple AGE model illustrates the results.
相似文献
33.
The present study investigates how business ethics are related to vocational interest. Special attention has been paid to
the relationship between business ethics and the interest in ‘enterprising’ and ‘social’ oriented professions. The results
show that business ethics is only significantly correlated in a negative way, to enterprising vocational preferences. Moreover,
the negative contribution of business ethics to the preference for entrepreneurial and managerial professions remains after
controlling for personality and work values. Some work values also predict the entrepreneurial interest: Earnings, Influence,
Competition, Innovation and Creativity. The personality traits Extraversion (positive) and Agreeableness (negative) have predictive
validity, but this effect disappears after controlling for work values. In the ‘Discussion’ section, we pay attention to possible consequences of the negative relationship between business ethics and Entrepreneurial
interest for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). We argue that efforts concerning realistic job previews will only be meaningful
if they are completed with efforts to make people more sensitive for ethics in two other domains, namely education and business. 相似文献
34.
The Split Core for Sequencing Games 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The split core is a refinement of the core for sequencing games. The split core arises from a generalization of the equal gain splitting (EGS) rule that is introduced byCuriel et al. (1989). It is pointed out that the split core is the convex hull of permutation-based gain splitting allocations and the EGS allocation is in the barycenter of the split core. Finally, an axiomatic characterization of the split core is provided.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Number: 026. 相似文献
35.
Einar Jón Erlingsson Simone Alfarano Marco Raberto Hlynur Stefánsson 《Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination》2013,8(1):57-74
In this paper, we analyze the distributional properties of the balance sheets of Icelandic firms by performing an empirical analysis of total assets, profit rates and growth rates using a data set of 2,818 Icelandic firms during the period 2000–2009. We find that the firms size measure, i.e. total assets, have the same heavy tail characteristics as various studies have shown, e.g. for US and Italian firms. The heavy tail nature of the total assets distribution seems to be robust w.r.t. a boom-bust cycle of the economy as well as special characteristics of Icelandic firms, e.g. their relatively small size and private ownership. Another important finding is that the profit rates, or return on assets, of Icelandic firms follow a Laplace like distribution similar to US firms. Additionally, we identified deviations from the distributional regularities, namely the power law behavior of firms’ size and Laplacian distributions of growth and profit rates, during the booming period of the economy 2005–2007. 相似文献
36.
Many local public goods are allocated by federal governments using fixed regional shares: every region is entitled a fixed share of the total budget for a particular type of public good. This paper explores two characteristics of this type of allocation. First, it shows that this type of allocation is relatively efficient as it puts a strict budget constraint on the decisive region. Second, we show that these fixed shares can be an equilibrium of different legislative bargaining processes. The working of the fixed sharing rules is illustrated for the allocation of railway investments in Belgium. 相似文献
37.
Carve-outs under airline antitrust immunity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper offers the first formal economic analysis of carve-outs under airline antitrust immunity. Carve-outs are designed to limit the potential anticompetitive effects of cooperation by alliance partners in hub-to-hub markets, where they provide overlapping nonstop service. While the paper shows that carve-outs are beneficial when the alliance does not involve full integration of the partners' operations on the hub-to-hub route, its key point is that a carve-out may be harmful when imposed on a joint-venture alliance. A JV alliance involves full exploitation of economies of traffic density on the hub-to-hub route, and a carve-out prevents the realization of these benefits. While a carve-out may limit anticompetitive incentives on the hub-to-hub route, welfare may be reduced if the resulting gains are overshadowed by the efficiency loss generated by the carve-out. 相似文献
38.
We introduce the aggregate-monotonic core as the set of allocations of a transferable utility cooperative game attainable by single-valued solutions that satisfy core-selection and aggregate-monotonicity. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the coincidence of the core and the aggregate-monotonic core. Finally, we introduce upper and lower aggregate-monotonicity for set-valued solutions, and characterize the aggregate-monotonic core using core-selection and upper and lower aggregate-monotonicity. 相似文献
39.
With an economy with land
(an economy of Debreu-type in which land is the unique commodity) we associate a cooperative game with transferable utility v
. The set of all TU-games of type v
is investigated and the set of equilibrium payoffs (in the TU-sense) of the economy
is described as a subset of the core of v
. We prove that equilibrium payoffs can be extended to population monotonic allocation schemes in the sense of Sprumont. 相似文献
40.
Nicolae Stef 《Bulletin of economic research》2023,75(2):508-524
This study investigates the main legal determinants of corporate reorganization use. Three legal aspects of bankruptcy voting process were examined, such as the voting right of secured creditors (1), bankruptcy voting rule (2), and court's legal right to overrule creditors’ decision (3). Using a sample of 20 countries, our estimations confirm that granting a voting right to secured lenders tends to be associated with more corporate reorganizations. Secured creditors’ voting right may send a signal about firm's capacity to recover from financial distress. Such signal can encourage unsecured creditors to support the reorganization plan. 相似文献