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61.
Stefan Graf 《European Journal of Finance》2017,23(11):974-998
The core idea of life-cycle funds or target-date funds is to decrease the fund's equity exposure and conversely increase its bond exposure towards the fund's target date. Such funds have been gaining significant market share and were recently set as default choice of asset allocation in numerous defined contribution schemes or related old-age provision products in several countries. Hence, an assessment of life-cycle funds’ risk-return profiles – that is, the probability distribution of returns – is essential for sustainable financial planning of a large group of investors. This paper studies the risk-return profile of life-cycle funds in particular compared to simple balanced or lifestyle funds that apply a constant equity portion throughout the fund's term instead. In a Black–Scholes model, we derive balanced funds that reproduce the risk-return profile of an arbitrary life-cycle fund for single and regular contributions. We then analyze the accuracy of our results under more complex asset models with stochastic interest rates, stochastic equity volatility and jumps. We further show that frequently used ‘rule of thumb approximations’ that only take into account the life-cycle fund's average equity portion are not suitable to approximate a life-cycle fund's risk-return profile. Our results on the one hand facilitate sustainable financial planning and on the other hand challenge the very existence of life-cycle funds since appropriately calibrated balanced funds can offer a similar (often dominating) risk-return profile. 相似文献
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Joachim Wagner 《International Journal of the Economics of Business》2012,19(2):169-193
This paper investigates four cohorts of firms from German manufacturing industries that started to export between 1998 and 2002, and follows them for five years after the start. Export starters are a rare species and small in Germany. Around 30–40% of those starters studied became continuous exporters. The share of total exports contributed by export starters of a cohort is tiny in the start year, and it remains so over the years that follow. Contrary to the market selection hypothesis, there is no evidence that productivity in the start year is systematically related to survival in the export market. There is no evidence of a negative impact of a smaller firm size in the start year on the chance of surviving in the export market. Starting with a higher share of exports in total sales, however, tends to increase the probability of continuing to export. 相似文献
66.
Stefan Mann 《Forum for Social Economics》2007,36(1):29-42
Social scientists are reluctant to make explicit interpersonal comparisons of well-being. However, implicit comparisons are
made on a surprisingly regular basis. These comparisons are based on the wealth and the Kaldor–Hicks concept in utility theory
and on self-reported well-being in happiness research. Taking a utilitarian stance, this paper tests the ethical foundations
of both principles. While self-reported well-being serves as an acceptable proxy for utilitarian decision-making, the Kaldor–Hicks
concept does not appear so. Implications for evaluating policies are outlined.
相似文献
Stefan MannEmail: |
67.
The economic effects of federalism are unclear: some papers find that federalism has strong positive effects on a number of
economically relevant variables, others find negative effects. The results often crucially hinge on the proxies for federalism
used. In this paper, we critically survey the existing indicators for both federalism and fiscal decentralization. We argue
that federalism is a constitutional institution, whereas decentralization is the outcome of a policy choice, and that the
two ought to be systematically distinguished because decentralization can also occur in nonfederally structured states. We
further argue that institutional details are very important with regard to federalism and that dummy variables usually capture
only very specific aspects of these institutional details. We use factor analysis to test whether the latent variables behind
the observed indicators support these assumptions. More than two important factors are derived, implying that a more fine-grained
differentiation beyond simply “‘federalism” and “decentralization” might be in order. The correlations of the most important
proxies for various aspects of federalism and decentralization with a number of quasi-exogenous variables, as well as with
institutional variables, are usually rather modest. 相似文献
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Stefan Behringer 《Controlling & Management》2011,55(3):146-146
PRAXIS | Magazin
Leseliste Top 5: Beteiligungscontrolling 相似文献70.
Stefan Gerlach 《Economics Letters》2011,112(2):186-188
I estimate a reaction function for the ECB using an ordered logit model for the period 1999-2009. Allowing for a smooth transition from one set of parameters to another, I detect a rapid change in the middle of 2008. 相似文献