全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3322篇 |
免费 | 106篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 707篇 |
工业经济 | 243篇 |
计划管理 | 574篇 |
经济学 | 733篇 |
综合类 | 42篇 |
运输经济 | 51篇 |
旅游经济 | 117篇 |
贸易经济 | 559篇 |
农业经济 | 106篇 |
经济概况 | 294篇 |
信息产业经济 | 1篇 |
邮电经济 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 26篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 48篇 |
2019年 | 83篇 |
2018年 | 71篇 |
2017年 | 91篇 |
2016年 | 74篇 |
2015年 | 56篇 |
2014年 | 82篇 |
2013年 | 409篇 |
2012年 | 106篇 |
2011年 | 120篇 |
2010年 | 112篇 |
2009年 | 122篇 |
2008年 | 140篇 |
2007年 | 101篇 |
2006年 | 99篇 |
2005年 | 81篇 |
2004年 | 103篇 |
2003年 | 102篇 |
2002年 | 94篇 |
2001年 | 78篇 |
2000年 | 91篇 |
1999年 | 76篇 |
1998年 | 80篇 |
1997年 | 76篇 |
1996年 | 65篇 |
1995年 | 73篇 |
1994年 | 52篇 |
1993年 | 37篇 |
1992年 | 39篇 |
1991年 | 47篇 |
1990年 | 48篇 |
1989年 | 36篇 |
1988年 | 29篇 |
1987年 | 32篇 |
1986年 | 33篇 |
1985年 | 55篇 |
1984年 | 39篇 |
1983年 | 33篇 |
1982年 | 54篇 |
1981年 | 28篇 |
1980年 | 33篇 |
1979年 | 28篇 |
1978年 | 24篇 |
1977年 | 19篇 |
1976年 | 18篇 |
1975年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 14篇 |
1973年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有3428条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Real Geographies,Real Economies and Soft Spatial Imaginaries: Creating a ‘More than Manchester’ Region 下载免费PDF全文
Stephen Hincks Iain Deas Graham Haughton 《International journal of urban and regional research》2017,41(4):642-657
This article develops a framework for analysing region‐building processes as spatiotemporal constructs, involving competing spatial imaginaries and attempts at consolidating these through institution building. Central here is the performative role of what we refer to as ‘soft space imaginaries’ in the ‘phased’ building of regions for planning and economic development over time. We demonstrate how this understanding can be used to examine the phased enactment of successive waves of region‐building by tracing the evolution of multiple soft spatial imaginaries in north‐west England. The analysis exposes the variable logics, alliances of actors, and tactics used to build momentum and secure legitimacy around preferred imaginaries which advocates often promoted on the grounds that they somehow reflected ‘real geographies’ or ‘real economies’. In this context, soft space imaginaries are seen to play an integral role in intellectual case making about the contemporaneous form and purpose of subnational governance. Yet our analysis also exposes the durability of past soft space imaginaries and their continued impact on efforts to build new soft spaces. What emerges is an understanding of soft space imaginaries as more than just superficial representations. They can help determine where government investment is channelled and into what kinds of policies. 相似文献
92.
93.
Throughout the developing world, many water distribution systems are unreliable. As a result, it becomes necessary for each household to store its own water as a hedge against this uncertainty. Since arrivals of water are not synchronized across households, serious distributional inefficiencies arise. We develop a model describing the optimal intertemporal depletion of each household's private water storage if it is uncertain when water will next arrive to replenish supplies. The model is calibrated using survey data from Mexico City, a city where many households store water in sealed rooftop tanks known as tinacos. The calibrated model is used to evaluate the potential welfare gains that would occur if alternative modes of water provision were implemented. We estimate that most of the potential distributional inefficiencies can be eliminated simply by making the frequency of deliveries the same across households which now face haphazard deliveries. This would require neither costly investments in infrastructure nor price increases. 相似文献
94.
The Impact of Land-Use Change on Ecosystem Services,Biodiversity and Returns to Landowners: A Case Study in the State of Minnesota 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
Stephen Polasky Erik Nelson Derric Pennington Kris A. Johnson 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2011,48(2):219-242
Land-use change has a significant impact on the world’s ecosystems. Changes in the extent and composition of forests, grasslands,
wetlands and other ecosystems have large impacts on the provision of ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation and returns
to landowners. While the change in private returns to landowners due to land-use change can often be measured, changes in
the supply and value of ecosystem services and the provision of biodiversity conservation have been harder to quantify. In
this paper we use a spatially explicit integrated modeling tool (InVEST) to quantify the changes in ecosystem services, habitat
for biodiversity, and returns to landowners from land-use change in Minnesota from 1992 to 2001. We evaluate the impact of
actual land-use change and a suite of alternative land-use change scenarios. We find a lack of concordance in the ranking
of baseline and alternative land-use scenarios in terms of generation of private returns to landowners and net social benefits
(private returns plus ecosystem service value). Returns to landowners are highest in a scenario with large-scale agricultural
expansion. This scenario, however, generated the lowest net social benefits across all scenarios considered because of large
losses in stored carbon and negative impacts on water quality. Further, this scenario resulted in the largest decline in habitat
quality for general terrestrial biodiversity and forest songbirds. Our results illustrate the importance of taking ecosystem
services into account in land-use and land-management decision-making and linking such decisions to incentives that accurately
reflect social returns. 相似文献
95.
Over the past decade, input–output structural decomposition analysis (SDA) has developed into a major analytical tool. We review the development of SDA and its relationship to other methodologies. We present the fundamental principles of alternative approaches to deriving SDA estimating equations and explore the various decompositions of changes in IO tables. We also identify several complications and unresolved issues. Most importantly, we find that a rigorous grounding in economic theory is lacking for SDA, but we are able to offer some suggestions as to how it might be established. 相似文献
96.
All spatial urban models with congestion assume that the departure (arrival) time of commutes is exogenously determined and assume that travel speed at a given time and location depends upon the traffic density at that point in time and space. This paper presents a framework that encompasses such models, but allows workers to choose the time at which they leave home (arrive at work). This paper then proves that in general only one equilibrium exists for urban models with traditional congestion technology: a commuting pattern in which commuting is continuous and the rush hour never ends, which is unrepresentative of traffic patterns anywhere. This paper concludes by discussing alternative general equilibrium urban models with congestion that may have more realistic equilibria. 相似文献
97.
CHILD MENTAL HEALTH AND EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT: MULTIPLE OBSERVERS AND THE MEASUREMENT ERROR PROBLEM 下载免费PDF全文
David Johnston Carol Propper Stephen Pudney Michael Shields 《Journal of Applied Econometrics》2014,29(6):880-900
We examine the effect of survey measurement error on the empirical relationship between child mental health and personal and family characteristics, and between child mental health and educational progress. Our contribution is to use unique UK survey data that contain (potentially biased) assessments of each child's mental state from three observers (parent, teacher and child), together with expert (quasi‐)diagnoses, using an assumption of optimal diagnostic behaviour to adjust for reporting bias. We use three alternative restrictions to identify the effect of mental disorders on educational progress. Maternal education and mental health, family income and major adverse life events are all significant in explaining child mental health, and child mental health is found to have a large influence on educational progress. Our preferred estimate is that a one‐standard‐deviation reduction in ‘true’ latent child mental health leads to a 2‐ to 5‐month loss in educational progress. We also find a strong tendency for observers to understate the problems of older children and adolescents compared to expert diagnosis. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Applied Econometrics published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
98.
We propose methods for constructing confidence sets for the timing of a break in level and/or trend that have asymptotically correct coverage for both I(0) and I(1) processes. These are based on inverting a sequence of tests for the break location, evaluated across all possible break dates. We separately derive locally best invariant tests for the I(0) and I(1) cases; under their respective assumptions, the resulting confidence sets provide correct asymptotic coverage regardless of the magnitude of the break. We suggest use of a pre-test procedure to select between the I(0)- and I(1)-based confidence sets, and Monte Carlo evidence demonstrates that our recommended procedure achieves good finite sample properties in terms of coverage and length across both I(0) and I(1) environments. An application using US macroeconomic data is provided which further evinces the value of these procedures. 相似文献
99.
Stephen L. Mueller Mary Conway Dato-on 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2013,9(1):1-20
The study of gender differences in entrepreneurial self-efficacy to date has produced inconclusive results. Cross-cultural studies are virtually non-existent. The present study seeks to understand the complex interplay of biological sex, socialized gender-roles, and culture on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and motivation to become an entrepreneur. Findings indicate that among American business students the traditional view of “entrepreneur as male” is fading. For the next generation of business leaders and entrepreneurs, a new entrepreneur stereotype is emerging that balances stereotypical feminine and masculine characteristics. These findings were not replicated in Spain where traditional gender-role stereotypes associated with entrepreneurship persist, even among business students. Implications for entrepreneurial education are discussed as they relate to the development of skills associated with venture creation. 相似文献
100.
Multinational corporations are increasingly reliant on a cadre of key individuals for organizational cohesion, and to implement globalization strategies. Survey evidence, however, suggests that many firms are mismanaging the performance, reward, and recognition of these “global champions.” Existing HRM literature largely overlooks the problem. Drawing on a “holistic HRM” analytical framework, the research reported here evaluates how a sample of leading MNEs is addressing this challenge as a source of transnationally competitive advantage. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献