本土需求与企业自主创新——为何合理的收入分配更有利于企业创新

通过内需市场培育本土企业的自主创新能力迫在眉睫。文章认为收入不平等加剧导致的“创新产品需求不足”和消费结构中“进口高端产品挤出效应”会对本土创新产品市场需求产生明显抑制,最终将阻碍本土企业自主创新能力的提升。文章利用中国工业企业数据库及中国各省统计年鉴中规模以上工业企业相关数据,结合泰尔指数与广义熵指数等,在经验研究层面考察了开放条件下不同收入群体对于中国创新产品市场需求和本土企业自主创新能力的影响。结果表明：（1）高收入阶层相对较低的边际消费倾向不仅会通过一般商品的需求对本土企业的自主创新能力带来负面影响,同样也会通过创新产品的需求显著抑制本土企业自主创新能力的提升;（2）收入不平等还会通过进口产品消费偏好对本土企业自主创新能力产生负面影响;（3）扶贫和合理调节过高收入等政策都可以有效降低收入不平等对本土企业创新产品需求的负面影响,同时对过高收入的合理调节可以进一步控制进口产品带来的挤出效应,促进本土企业自主创新能力的提升。本文的研究有深刻的政策含义,新时期需要一个相对公平且更加有效的收入分配方案来正确引导本土市场需求,以有效承接本土企业的创新产品并促进企业自主创新,从而从需求侧为构...     

Trade liberalisation,market competition and wage inequality in China's manufacturing sector

Economic reforms of the late 1980s have contributed to rapid economic growth in China. While the overall standard of living has improved, economic growth has also resulted in an increase in income inequality. Rising income inequality can increase social tensions that can impede further economic growth. By making use of firm level panel data, this paper focuses on the impact of increased market competition and trade liberalisation on skilled–unskilled wage inequality in China's manufacturing sector. A theoretical model is used to argue that trade liberalisation and market competition can affect skilled–unskilled wage inequality. Based on this result, an econometric model is specified. The empirical analysis presented in this paper shows that increased trade liberalisation has contributed to an increase in skilled–unskilled wage inequality in China's manufacturing sector. However, increase in market competition has the opposite effect.     

公益性及商业性小额信贷社会绩效管理比较研究

小额信贷社会绩效管理有助于机构将其社会使命向实际的行动、正确的措施和结果转化,日益成为研究的热点。该文在比较社会责任以及社会绩效不同含义的基础上,以社会绩效管理分析范式以及小额信贷信息交流中心(MIX)的22个社会绩效管理评估指标为工具,对我国公益性以及商业性小额信贷的社会绩效管理现状进行比较研究。研究结果表明:我国小额信贷社会绩效管理总体处于初级阶段,公益性小额信贷机构的实践具有一定的借鉴意义,商业性小额信贷机构普遍缺乏社会绩效管理的理念、目标、战略、制度和措施,影响社会绩效的因素复杂,评价比较困难。文章最后提出了小额信贷社会绩效管理应该努力的方向。     

知识型企业知识扩散与知识创新的协调困境及对策

在分析知识型企业知识创新与扩散的影响因素的前提下,认为知识型企业的知识活动存在着认知困难、"囚徒困境"、协调问题等困境。并挖掘这些问题背后的原因,针对这些问题提出了若干可实施的建议。     

Research on the human resource development of the Three Gorges Region, China

The Three Gorgers＇ Region （TGR） is an economic region of China, and lies in the western part of Yangtze economic belt. It takes the Three Gorges Project as leading. Chongqing and Yichang City as main body, the Three Gorges Reservoir as ligament. It covers about 700 km of the Yangtze River valley from Chongqing to Yichang, including Chongqing City, Yichang City and Enshi District of Hubei Province. Since the construction of Three Gorges Project and establishment of Chongqing as municipality directly under the Central Government. the regional economy, culture, education, technology, etc., all developed harmoniously and rapidly, and the diathesis of the rgional human resources also got an exaltation. While compared with the eastern region of China. the economy, science and technology in this region still fall behind, and the current situation is of no optimism. Based on the theory of human resources development, this paper analyzes current situation and problems in the human resources development oJ the TGR, and puts forward the countermeasures such as planning human resources development program based on ＂anaphase support＂policy,developing echucation and training husiness,reasonably organizing labor export,etc.     

ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION DYNAMICS: WHY IS THE INCOME SHARE OF TOP INCOME EARNERS ACYCLICAL OVER THE BUSINESS CYCLE?

In the United States, the income share of the top 5% income group is acyclical over the business cycle. This study attempts to explain the cyclical behavior of the income distribution over the business cycle, particularly focusing on the top 5% income earners' share, using a heterogeneous agent model featuring a choice to become an entrepreneur. The model economy successfully reproduces the acyclical behavior of the income share of the top 5%. During expansions, relatively more people become entrepreneurs at the top, which offsets the decline in the income share of the high‐income earners from workers' side.     

法国纳米科技研发及产业化概况

纳米技术因其在众多领域的广泛用途及强劲的经济增长潜力,而被认为是未来技术创新的最基本工具和21世纪工业革命的发动机。许多国家的政府把纳米科技发展计划列为优先发展的战略技术领域。本文介绍了法国纳米科技研发战略、计划及政策措施、产业化现状及重点领域、R＆D资源现状,以及对法国纳米科技研发优势的分析。     

主要发达国家产学研合作计划分析及其启示

利用国家科技计划支持产学研合作是主要发达国家的普遍做法。本文从产学研合作计划的类型、目标、承担主体、计划管理、知识产权归属等5个方面对主要发达国家支持产学研合作的科技计划进行了分析,并针对我国产学研合作计划的制定和实施提出建议。     

个人负债与政府负债的比较分析

不管是个人或是政府,负债都是具有一定风险的,如果确需负债,必须在资金使用的监控、披露制度的建设上予以加强,以减少债务风险;做好防范和化解财政风险的预案,以避免对国家宏观经济造成冲击。