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991.
A new voting rule for electing committees is described. Specifically, we use approval balloting and propose a new voting procedure that guarantees that if there is a committee that represents (with a given proportion of representatives) all of the existing voters, then the selected committee has to represent all of voters in at least the same proportion. This property is a way of selecting a committee that represents completely all of voters when such a committee exists. The usual voting rules in this context do not satisfy this condition. 相似文献
992.
Hernando de Soto 《Small Business Economics》2017,49(4):729-739
Five billion people in the world do not have the kind of ledgers that provide the documented information that allows them to transfer, partition, and aggregate assets and talents in such a way that they can be scaled up, secure investment, guarantee credit, certify reputation, and capture abstract surplus value. The difficulty that most people have in making combinations is a major cause of global inequality and unnecessary poverty. 相似文献
993.
We examine whether the unethical actions of marketplace brands (e.g., the Volkswagen emissions scandal) hurt the ethical perceptions of competing brands (e.g., Ford, BMW). Across two studies, we find evidence for this unethical spillover effect and show that it can negatively affect consumers’ liking and purchase intentions for a competing brand. The results show that the spillover effect (1) only occurs for similar competitors and (2) is moderated by construal level (CL). Specifically, the spillover effect is more likely to occur when consumers focus on the finer details of the unethical brand’s transgression (i.e., low CL) but not when they focus on the bigger picture of the transgression (i.e., high CL). Thus, while it is intuitively appealing to assume that brands may benefit from a competitor’s foible, this research indicates that competitors may be hurt by a similar brand’s wrongdoing. 相似文献
994.
Ingrid M. Martin David W. Stewart Shashi Matta 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2005,33(3):275-294
This article develops and tests a conceptual model of the transfer process whereby perceived similarity organized around shared
goals facilitates the transfer of knowledge and affect from a parent brand to an extension of that brand. Empirical results,
based on two well-known brands and two hypothetical product extensions for each brand, demonstrate that the availability of
well-formed, goal-derived categories associated with a parent brand establishes an organizing framework for consumers' assessments
of similarity thatfacilitates the transfer of consumer knowledge and attitude from the parent brand to a brand extension in
another product category. This facilitating effect of similarity does not occur in the absence of goal-derived categories.
The results also reveal how marketing communication can be used to facilitate the transfer process by framing similarity in
terms of common goals. Implications are discussed for the organization of consumer knowledge and affect across product categories
and for understanding prior research findings on brand extension.
Ingrid M. Martin (imartin@csulb.edu) is an associate professor of marketing at California State University at Long Beach. Her research has
examined issues in the area of consumer goals as they guide structuring and processing marketing information, product choice
and usage. Her research has been published in theJournal of Consumer Research, Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of Public Policy & Research, and five book chapters.
David W. Stewart (david.stewart@marshall.usc.edu) is the Robert E. Brooker Professor of Marketing in the Marshall School of Business at the
University of Southern California. He is the immediate past editor of theJournal of Marketing. Dr. Stewart has authored or co-authored more than 200 publications and seven books.
Shashi Matta (matta@marshall.usc.edu) is a doctoral candidate in marketing at the Marshal School of Business, University of Southern California.
His research interests include branding, and services marketing. Shashi’s research has been published in theJournal of Consumer Research. 相似文献
995.
The quality and effectiveness of marketing strategy: Effects of functional and dysfunctional conflict in intraorganizational relationships 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anil Menon Sundar G. Bharadwaj Roy Howell 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1996,24(4):299-313
By examining only dysfunctional conflict and ignoring functional conflict, empirical research in marketing has presented only
part of the story. This research offers the first systematic look at the antecedents and consequences of both functionaland dysfunctional conflict in intraorganiational relationships. The authors develop and empirically test a causal model for key
organizational antecedents of new product strategy quality and market performance. They find that dysfunctional conflict in
the decision-making process has deleterious consequences for quality of strategy and market performance, whereas functional
conflict improves both quality of strategy and performance. Specifically, organizational design characteristics such as formalization,
interdepartmental interconnectedness, low communication barriers, and team spirit improve new product performance by enhancing
functional conflict, whereas centralization and high communication barriers lower new product performance by increasing dysfunctional
conflict. A post hoc test for common method bias or variance suggests that bias or variance alone cannot explain these findings.
His general research interests focus on strategic issues relating to internal relationships, market learning, and organizational
context of marketing strategy. His research has been published in theJournal of Marketing, Journal of Business Research, Journal of Advertising Research, Journal of Advertising, andJournal of Services Marketing, among others.
His general research interests focus on strategic issues relating to relationship marketing, firm performance, sustainable
competitive advantage, timing of market entry, and information technology. His past research has been published in theJournal of Marketing, Journal of Business Research, Journal of Services Marketing, andMarketing Education Review, among others.
His research interests are in the areas of marketing research methods, structural equations modeling, cellular automata theories
and methods, and Taoist methodologies for marketing strategy. His research has been published in theJournal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, andJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, among others. 相似文献
996.
997.
This article introduces the concept of economic medicalization where non-medical problems are transformed into medical problems
in order to achieve the objective of corporate shareholder wealth maximization. Following an overview of the differences in
ethical norms applicable to medical ethics and business ethics, the economic medicalization of medical research practice and
publication is examined in some detail. This motivates a general discussion of the problems involved in the ethical approval
process for medical research that balances the interests of both business and government in the market for medical products
and services. 相似文献
998.
Sae Woon Park Doo Woan Bahng Yun W. Park 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》2010,40(3):332-367
This paper studies the causal relationship between house prices and the access to bank lending in Kangnam, the hottest submarket
in Seoul and four ‘cold’ markets which have shown relatively modest price increases. In response to the rapid escalation of
house prices in Seoul, primarily in Kangnam in recent years, the Korean government implemented a number of policies to stabilize
house prices. In particular, it introduced more strict limits on loan-to-value ratio and debt-to-income ratio as part of the
mortgage loan qualification process in order to restrict the availability of bank lending for the housing market. The short-run
influence of the bank lending on the apartment prices is clearly present in ‘cold’ markets, while it is not in Kangnam, the
‘hot’ market, even though the long-run influence is stronger in Kangnam than in the other markets. This result holds for the
entire sample period (1999–2006) as well as for the subperiods before and after the introduction of lending restrictions in
August, 2005. It also holds for Kangnam and Kangbuk for an extended period of 1988 to 2006. Our results suggest that in the
short run the lending restriction may cause a disruption in untargeted housing markets while it has little influence on the
apartment prices in the targeted market. We also find that banks have adjusted the bank lending in response to changes in
the house prices in Kangnam as well as in the other markets. 相似文献
999.
We present a model of conflict in which each group decides to claim the country’s income and invest in arms or to accept a
group neutral allocation of income and not invest in arms. Apart from the usual cooperative or conflictual societies, their
strategic choice can result in hierarchically stratified societies in which one group is dominant. We show how the presence
and exploitation of certain types of resources matters for the occurrence of conflict or social hierarchical stratification
and for the possible effects of trust manipulation. In particular we find that, first, robust (encompassing point and lootable)
resource rich economies tend to be conflictual, plantation economies hierarchically stratified and diversified economies cooperative.
Second, foreign intervention, aimed at changing the balance of power in the case of conflict, is most effective in robust
and diffuse resource rich economies. Third, trust manipulation (as a means to counter conflict) is most effective in subsistence
and diffuse resource rich economies. Throughout the article, we cite ample case study and econometric evidence to support
our model. 相似文献
1000.
Carla C. J. M. Millar Chong-Ju Choi Philip Y. K. Cheng 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,87(4):455-462
Despite the importance of the co-evolution approach in various branches of research, such as strategy, organisation theory,
complexity, population ecology, technology and innovation (Lewin et al., 1999; March, 1991), co-evolution has been relatively neglected in international business and ethics research (Madhok and Phene, 2001). The purpose of this article is to show how co-evolution theory provides a theoretical framework within which some issues
of ethics research are addressed. Our analysis is in the context of the contrasts between business systems (North, 1990), and in particular the distinction between informal systems and those systems where institutions are formalised in law.
This complements the growing research on comparative corporate governance and capitalisms (Chandler and Hikino, 1990; Choi et al., 1999; Whitley, 1994). The synthesis of co-evolution and analysis of divergent institutional environments in ethics research can also complement
the globalisation and MNE approaches to international business research. 相似文献