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991.
Although relatively obscure, the market for distressed real estate tax liens exists in over 30 U.S. states, with a market
size estimated to be around 20 billion dollars. While this niche asset class is relatively unknown to academics, internet
advertising hypes tax liens to the populace as providing extraordinary returns. Not yet scientifically studied, this market
provides a fertile and untouched arena for the application of asset pricing theory. Using insights from several areas of asset
pricing, we formulate and test a pricing model for tax liens. The empirical evidence supports the pricing model, the (increasing)
competitiveness of the tax lien market, and an unfair tax auction bidding mechanism for property owners that may provide extraordinary
returns to investors, lending some credibility to the industry claims. We suggest avenues for extensions and further research. 相似文献
992.
This paper provides an alternative credit risk model based on information reduction where the market only observes the firm’s
asset value when it crosses certain levels, interpreted as changes significant enough for the firm’s management to make a
public announcement. For a class of diffusion processes we are able to provide explicit expressions for the firm’s default
intensity process and its zero-coupon bond prices.
相似文献
993.
Richard G. Lipsey 《International Tax and Public Finance》2007,14(4):349-364
The origin of the second best article is described and criticisms assessed. Distortions making impossible the achievement
of either first or second best optima are outlined. Attempts to establish the applicability of first best rules are criticised,
as are general rules for making piecemeal efficiency improvements. Both often use models containing empirically invalid assumptions
and a selected few of the full set of distortions. Practical policy advice requires more parochial objective functions than
community welfare; must rely on formal and appreciative theory, empirical evidence, and large doses of judgment; and should
concentrate on making piecemeal improvements in context-specific situations. 相似文献
994.
Stephen Day Cauley Andrey D. Pavlov Eduardo S. Schwartz 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》2007,34(3):283-311
Personal preferences and financial incentives make homeownership desirable for most families. Once a family purchases a home
they find it impractical (costly) to frequently change their ownership of residential real estate. Thus, by deciding how much
home to buy, a family constrains their ability to adjust their asset allocation between residential real estate and other
assets. To analyze the impact of this constraint on consumption, welfare, and post-retirement wealth, we first investigate
an individual’s optimal asset allocation decisions when they are subject to a “homeownership constraint.” Next, we perform
a “thought experiment” where we assume the existence of a market where a homeowner can sell, without cost, a fractional interest
in their home. Now the housing choice decision does not constrain the individual’s asset allocations. By comparing these two
cases, we estimate the differences in post-retirement wealth and the welfare gains potentially realizable if asset allocations
were not subject to a homeownership constraint. For realistic parameter values, we find that the homeowner would require a
substantial increase in total net worth to achieve the same level of utility as would be achievable if the choice of a home
could be separated from the asset allocation decision. The robustness of the analysis is evaluated with respect to the model’s
parameters and initial state variables. We find that changes in the values of the constraint (i.e., the value of the home)
and the expected real rate of home value appreciation are the only state variables or parameter that is associated with a
large change in asset allocation and/or the burden imposed by the housing constraint. This finding suggests the importance
of a detailed examination of the impact of inter-regional differences in home prices and expected rates of appreciation on
asset allocation and post-retirement wealth. 相似文献
995.
Jan Keppel 《保险科学杂志》2007,96(1):109-120
The amendment of the German Act on Insurance Contracts comprises a number of substantial modifications regarding liability insurance. The most important modification is the introduction of a direct claim against the insurer with regard to all compulsory insurances. Such a direct claim is up to now only known from the motor vehicle liability insurance. Yet, a direct claim will be advantageous for the aggrieved claimant only if he manages to identify the proper insurer. As a result of the structural differences to the motor vehicle liability insurance the act of identifying the insurer is almost utterly impossible for the claimant without any help by the insured. Thus the claimant must also be given a claim against the insured to be furnished with all necessary information regarding the insurer. This right originates from sec. 242 of the German Civil Code. 相似文献
996.
Often in non-life insurance claims reserves are the largest position on the liability side of the balance sheet. The determination of adequate claims reserves in two consecutive accounting years leads to the so-called development result, which is defined as the difference of two successive predictors for the claims reserves. If the predictors for the claims reserves are unbiased the expected development result is equal to zero. However, since in claims reserving one predicts future payments the observed development result will in general deviate from the expected value. In the present paper we analyze this deviation. In an example we discuss the results. 相似文献
997.
Mario J. Durán Sergio Gallardo Sergio L. Toral Rocío Martínez-Torres Federico J. Barrero 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2007,17(1):55-73
Learner-centred approaches follow the prevailing tendency in modern University reforms which are primarily concerned about
“how people learn”. The methodologies can be learner-centred in the sense of placing the student as the main actor of the
teaching–learning process by increasing his interactivity and participation, but also considering what is relevant for the
student by measuring the learner satisfaction. In order to promote both aspects, this paper proposes a synchronous software-based
active methodology that makes use of the simulations to show a virtual scenario to the students and challenge them to predict
and discuss the evolution of the scenario. The proposed methodology improves the visual interface, promotes discussion both
among students and with the teacher in a brainstorming stage and shows real-world examples. This software-based methodology
has been implemented into an Electric Machinery course at the University of Seville (Spain), and the evaluation has been carried
out considering both the affective and cognitive domains. Principal components analysis proves to be useful to highlight the
dimensions with a higher influence on learner satisfaction and the affective and cognitive results confirm the successful
implementation of the proposal. 相似文献
998.
Subhasish Dugar 《Review of Industrial Organization》2007,30(2):107-119
Price-matching guarantees have been alleged to sustain collusive prices in a homogenous product market. Theories in this literature
also suggest that there exist multiple equilibria (i.e., a set of price equilibria between the competitive and the monopoly
price) when all sellers adopt these guarantees in such a market. Theoretical prediction in this case fails to pin down the
actual behavior of players a priori. This paper illustrates the essential role of controlled experiment in testing the collusive theory of price-matching guarantees
and thereby shedding light on the embedded equilibrium selection problem. In particular, this paper studies two highly stylized
market models, obtains testable predictions, and lays out the design of the controlled experiment. Results indicate that these
guarantees facilitate collusion among sellers and thus solve the equilibrium selection problem considerably.
I am grateful to Jim Cox, Martin Dufwenberg, Haimanti Bhattacharya, and the editor of this journal and the two referees for
their suggestions. I thank seminar participants at the University of Arizona and North American Economic Science Association
meeting at Tucson, 2003 for their helpful comments. A research grant from ESL, University of Arizona, for this project is
gratefully acknowledged. I am solely responsible for any remaining errors and omissions. 相似文献
999.
Adam P. R. Taylor 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2007,17(2):217-229
This paper reports on a novel approach taken by the author to the teaching of an Internet programming course targeted at final
year diploma and second year degree students. The uniqueness of engineers and their identity is discussed, as is the self-constructed
world and ways of knowing in which humankind operates. The novel approach to teaching a software-coding course, and this course’s
underlying philosophies of learning, the approach taken in class-contact time, and the methods of interaction with the students
are presented, along with the conventional structure, quantitative measures, outline, and assessment of the course. The effects
and observations of approaches employed are discussed, and the quantitative outputs achieved are presented alongside the unquantifiable
impressions, comments and positive feedback. 相似文献
1000.
We examine the out-of-market gap – the time between the end of a film’s theatrical run and its release on DVD – for a sample
of U.S. films during 1988-2005. The average gap declined from 58.14 days in 1998 to 27.93 days in 2005; by 2005, 39% of the
films were released on DVD prior to leaving the theaters. Probit and hazard models are estimated to explore the factors that
influence a distributor’s decision to release a film on DVD before it exits the theaters, and the timing of the release for
films that appear on DVD after they leave the theaters.
相似文献