The effect of increases in the level of unemployement on older workers

This study explores the influence of the level of unemployment on labour force participation and full- versus part-time status, for men and women aged 56 to 60. Comparisons are also made with 16–19- and 31–35-year-old men and women. It is found that when the unemployment increases, discourgement is greater for older men than for younger ones. For Women, Prime-aged workers exhibit less discouragement than either the older or younger women. The study also infers the original labour force status of older discouraged workers. For men, displaced workers come largely from the ranks of full-time workers. For women, both full- and part-time workers are displaced.     

Managing toxic chemicals in Australia: a regional analysis of the risk society

The paper takes examples from two decades of toxic risk management in Australia in order to examine the challenges that the conditions of the ‘risk society’ pose for the chemicals industry in this country. These issues for corporate governance are set against a shift in political discourse in the direction of the limiting of the state, co‐governance between state and industry, and new community involvements and responsibilities. The paper describes new social movements and alliances influencing corporate structures and processes for decision making in Australia. The case examples lead to conclusions concerning the fundamental innovations in the organizational design of regulatory bodies and corporations that are required if progress is to be made towards sustainability and the re‐establishment of public trust. The findings of this paper are symptomatic of the more general challenges that the ‘risk society’ poses for the mainstream political programmes and their frameworks for regulation, for corporate architecture and for the relationships between governments, corporations and the community.     

The World money supply: Concept and measurement

Zusammenfassung Die Geldversorgung der Welt: Konzept und Messung. — Der Aufsatz erarbeitet zuerst die theoretischen Grundlagen für ein Konzept der Geldversorgung der Welt und legt dann die relevanten Zahlen vor. Es wird die Ansicht vertreten, da\ das zweckm?\ige Konzept der Welt-Geldversorgung von dem Wechselkurssystem abh?ngt. Bei einem System flexibler Wechselkurse mit exogenem Geldangebot sollte ein geeignetes Me\konzept gleitende Gewichte auf der Basis der Volkseinkommen benutzen, um das Welt-Geldangebot zu errechnen. Bei festen Wechselkursen und endogenem Geldangebot sind stattdessen gleitende Gewichte auf der Basis der Geldmengen am besten geeignet. In der Arbeit werden die neuen Zeitreihen des Welt-Geldangebots für 1958–1975, für W?hrungsreserven und für Geld im engeren und im weiteren Sinne berechnet. Au\erdem werden Zeitreihen für Industriel?nder, entwickelte und weniger entwickelte L?nder vorgelegt. Die beiden neuen Zeitreihen werden mit vorhandenen Reihen verglichen, bei denen die Geldmengenaggregate unter Verwendung von festen BIP-Gewichten und den jeweiligen Wechselkursen berechnet werden.

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Résumé L’offre d’argent mondiale: Le concept et le mesurage. —Au premier lieu cet article dérive un fondement théorique pour le concept de l’offre d’argent mondiale et puis présente les données essentielles. Hous arguons que le concept approprié de l’ofire d’argent mondiale est dépendant du système de taux de change. Sous les conditions d’un système de taux de change flexible avec des offres d’argent exogènes un système de poids approprié utilise des poids mouvants de revenu national pour venir à l’offre d’argent mondiale. Sous les conditions des taux des changes fixes et des offres d'argent endogènes les poids mouvants de stock d’argent sont appropriés d'autre part. L’article calcule les nouvelles séries de l’offre d’argent mondiale dérivées pour la période 1958–1975 pour l’argent de reserve, l’argent en sens étroit et l’argent en sens vaste. Nous présentons aussi des séries pour les pays industriels, développés et développants. Nous faisons des comparaisons entre les deux nouvelles séries et les séries existantes en utilisant des poids fixes de PIB et des taux des changes courants pour venir aux agrégats mondiaux.

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Resumen La oferta mundial de dineroxoncepto y medición. —El présente Artículo dériva en primer lugar una fundación teórica para el concepto de la oferta mundial de dinero y en seguida presenta los datos relevantes. Se argumenta que el concepto apropiado para la oferta mundial de dinero dépende del sistema cambiario. Bajo un sistema cambiario flexible con oferta de dinero exógena, el sistema de ponderaciones apropiado utiliza ponderaciones móviles para el ingreso nacional para llegar a una oferta de dinero mundial. Con tipos de cambio fijos y ofertas de dinero endógenas, el sistema adecuado consiste, en cambio en la utilización de ponderaciones móviles para el stock de dinero. En el artículo se estiman las nuevas series de oferta de dinero mundial para moneda de reserva, moneda limitada y moneda amplia derivadas del periodo 1958–1975. Se presentan además series para países industriales, desarrollados y en desarrollo. Se hacen comparaciones entre las series nuevas y las series existentes utilizando ponderaciones fijas para el PIB y las tasas de cambio corrientes para llegar a los agregados mundiales.

     

Nursing unit characteristics and patient outcomes

In this exploratory cross-sectional study, nursing unit organizational characteristics and how they influenced patient outcomes in the form of nurse-sensitive adverse events and failure to rescue were examined. Results showed significant associations between characteristics and adverse events at the unit level. Autonomy/collaboration was associated with pressure ulcer and failure to rescue, practice control with urinary tract infection, and continuity/specialization with death. Unit-level study provided a better understanding of the effect of unit work environment upon nursing practice and outcomes.     

Student Perceptions of the Insurance Profession

To attract students to the risk management and insurance profession, strategies need to be developed to overcome biases in their perceptions of the profession. This study attempts to determine some of those perceptions of students—specifically a group of business career high school students and a group of college students enrolled in an introduction to business course—about the personality traits of insurance professionals. A Personality Factor Questionnaire previously used extensively in other research was used to measure differences in student perceptions of personality profiles of different professions. We also measured how student characteristics such as age, sex, and expected college major influence student perceptions of these traits. The overall general conclusion was that perceptions of the profession are not as negative as many imagine, but do require some substantive work to improve, even among students seeking business careers.     

查尔斯·汉迪:新秩序的预言者(一)

查尔斯·汉迪是新秩序的预言者,这不仅表现在管理方面,在社会新秩序的建立上也散发着他的光辉思想.他具有极强的想象力,看问题全面广泛,这也是他的书如此畅销的主要原因.他书中的"组合式职业"(Portfolio Career),"油炸圈饼的内外理论"(The Inside-out Doughnut)和"三叶草式组织"(the Shamrock Organi-zation)都渗透着管理思想,它们描绘出了组织和个人工作方法变革的一些主要发展方向.