经济发展制度论

经济发展与经济增长具有不同的制度内涵，发展中国家要实现经济增长仅具备经济增长的生产要素（劳动力，资本，技术等）是远远不够的，重要的是具有提高资源配置效率，促进经济增长的制度条件。较快的经济增长是制度变革与制度完善的体现与结果，当今世界经济的竞争是各国之间体制效率，制度优劣的竞争。     

The welfare effects of illegal immigration

"This paper extends the work of Ethier on illegal immigration by examining the optimal level of enforcement for the labor-importing country in a two-country model and by considering the effects of allowing capital mobility. We derive a formula for the optimal level of enforcement against firms that hire illegal workers, and show that the presence of enforcement costs makes the policy less efficient than a wage tax. With capital mobility, foreign workers gain from an increase in enforcement in the home country because capital is driven out of the home country."     

30GHz单片接收机

已经研制成功30GHz接收机用的几种单片集成电路.低噪声放大器芯片在14dB增益时噪声系数为7.dB,中频放大器在30dB控制范围内,增益为13dB.混频器和移相器变频损耗和插入损耗分别为10.5dB和1.6dB.     

Parental perceptions of toddler water safety, swimming ability and swimming lessons

The primary objective of the study was to examine parental perceptions on the role of toddler swimming ability and pre-school swimming lessons in drowning prevention. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on toddler water safety from parents (n = 882) whose 2 - 4-year-old toddlers were either attending early childhood centres (n = 327) or who were enrolled in swim schools (n = 555). Differences in attitudes between two groups of parents were measured by frequency, with Mann-Whitney U tests used to discern significant differences between groups. More swim school parents believed that: swimming was best taught at 2 years of age or less (42% vs. 29%); swimming lessons were the best way to prevent toddler drowning (57% vs. 47%); toddlers could learn to save themselves if they fell into water (43% vs. 33%); and that it was better to develop swimming ability rather than rely on adult supervision (35% vs. 30%). Many parents have an overly optimistic view of the role of swimming ability and pre-school swimming lessons in drowning prevention. This was especially so for parents with toddlers enrolled in lessons. Swim schools in particular need to counter parental misconceptions of the protective role of swimming and reiterate the importance of close adult supervision of toddlers around water.     

Managing Middlescence

They make up more than half your workforce. They work longer hours than anyone else in your company. From their ranks come most of your top managers. They're your midcareer employees, the solid citizens between the ages of 35 and 55 whom you bank on for their loyalty and commitment. And they're not happy. In fact, they're burned out, bored, and bottlenecked, new research reveals. Only 33% of the 7700 workers the authors surveyed feel energized by their work; 36% say they're in dead-end jobs. One in three is not satisfied with his or her job. One in five is looking for another. Welcome to middlescence. Like adolescence, it can be a time of frustration, confusion, and alienation. But it can also be a time of self-discovery, new direction, and fresh beginnings. Today, millions of midcareer men and women are wrestling with middlescence-looking for ways to balance work, family, and leisure while hoping to find new meaning in theirjobs. The question is, Will they find it in your organization or elsewhere? Companies are ill prepared to manage middlescence because it is so pervasive, largely invisible, and culturally uncharted. That neglect is bad for business: Many companies risk losing some of their best people or-even worse-ending up with an army of disaffected people who stay. The best way to engage middlescents is to tap into their hunger for renewal and help them launch into more meaningful roles. Perhaps managers can't grant a promotion to everyone who merits one in today's flat organizations, but you may be able to offer new training, fresh assignments, mentoring opportunities, even sabbaticals or entirely new career paths within your own company. Millions of midcareer men and women would like nothing better than to convert their restlessness into fresh energy. They just need the occasion-and perhaps a little assistance-to unleash and channel all that potential.     

2008股市难现2007辉煌

【美国《华尔街日报》2008年1月4日】中国2007年牛气冲天的股市在将近年末时显得后劲不足，而随着2008年的到来，它有可能进一步丧失上行动能。分析师们说，作为去年刺激股市飙升的重要因素，企业的利润增长率2008年预计会显著降低，股市的龙头板块金融和能源企业尤其如此。     

对如何准确进行工程结算审核的思考——以钢结构厂房为例

工程结算一般是由施工单位编制,通过建设单位审核后,按照合同的相关规定来明确承发包双方的责任和义务,最终确定工程造价以及应向施工方支付的费用。本文以钢结构厂房结算审核的主要内容入手,对如何准确进行结算审核进行了思考。     

经济低迷期的报价技巧

消费者紧缩预算可能让人沮丧，以下五条建议能帮你在节日期间拉动销售。 出于对经济低迷时期的反应，许多消费者将花费集中在必需品上，公司采购者也勒紧了腰带，汽油和食品支出的重要性已经超出了其它采购支出。