宽容问题研究进展

宽容是现代社会人们公认的基本理念之一。当今国内外的专家、学者们主要从以下几个方面研究和探讨宽容问题：宽容的基本内涵，宽容的必要性，宽容的理论基础，实现宽容的社会机制，宽容的限度等。     

完善我国财政转移支付法律制度的探讨

转移支付是财政支出的重要组成部分,如何规范和监督转移支付对我国实现社会公平,构建和谐社会具有重要意义,而目前我国的财政转移支付的法律散见于不同时期的部门规章中,缺乏统一、全面、权威性较高的财政转移支付法规.我国财政转移支付制度方面和法律层次方面均存在问题,结合当代世界主要发达国家在财政转移支付立法方面的成功经验,提出对我国财政转移支付立法的构想.     

法典化目标下税法总则立法的三个问题

《民法典》开启了中国特色社会主义法治的法典化时代。法典化研究在多个法律领域都取得了进展和成果。随着税收法定原则加快落实,以税法总则为龙头的税法法典化被提上日程。税法法典化是历史的、逻辑的和现实的统一。其不仅是中国特色社会主义法治进程的重要组成部分,也符合近代历史以来世界法典化的普遍性规律。在法典化目标下,税法总则作为法典总则法、纳税人权利平衡法、税收行政行为规范法,又决定了其立法逻辑上有需要解决的一系列特殊问题。在此基础上,税法总则应构建税法原则、纳税人保护、纳税义务、税务行政规范制定与解释等支柱性制度。     

Earnings management by firms announcing earnings after SEC filing

This study examines motivation and stock market reactions of firms announcing earnings in the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) after filing with the Security Exchange Commission (SEC). Most firms announce earnings in the WSJ before SEC filing. Firms that reverse this sequence are voluntarily delaying public earnings announcements. The authors find that these firms are not only poor financial performers but also engage in earnings managements. They are delaying their WSJ announcements to postpone announcing bad news. The authors find significant stock price reactions to both the SEC filing and the WSJ announcement. The price reaction to earnings is incomplete at the SEC filings. The market continues reacting to firms' subsequent WSJ announcements as if the SEC filing fails to communicate earnings information to some investors.     

Tofacitinib in the treatment of moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis: a cost-effectiveness analysis compared with adalimumab in Taiwan

Aims: Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This analysis investigated the cost-effectiveness of the second-line treatment with tofacitinib, compared with adalimumab, both plus methotrexate (MTX), in patients with moderate-to-severe RA and an inadequate response to the first-line MTX, from a Taiwan National Health Insurance Administration perspective.

Materials and methods: A patient-level simulation model was used to project lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Base-case analysis compared second-line treatment with tofacitinib 5?mg twice daily plus MTX vs adalimumab 40?mg every 2?weeks plus MTX. Patients switched or discontinued treatment due to a lack or loss of effectiveness or a serious adverse event. Efficacy was measured by change in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) score. HAQ-DI scores were used to predict mortality and resource utilization, and were mapped onto utility values to estimate QALYs. Efficacy and safety data were derived from clinical trials and other secondary sources. Uncertainty in model parameters was explored using one-way deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.

Results: Patients gained 0.09 more QALYs with second-line tofacitinib plus MTX compared with adalimumab plus MTX (5.13 vs 5.04, respectively) at an additional cost of New Taiwan Dollars (NT$) 12,881. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was NT$143,122/QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis confirmed the base-case result was robust.

Limitations: The lack of available clinical data, particularly for HAQ-DI scores, may introduce some bias in the analysis. No patients were in an early stage of RA, which may limit the generalizability of these results. Base-case results from our study are not necessarily generalizable to countries with healthcare systems that differ considerably from Taiwan.

Conclusions: From a payer perspective, second-line treatment with tofacitinib plus MTX is a cost-effective treatment strategy, compared with adalimumab plus MTX, in patients with moderate-to-severe RA in Taiwan.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00853385.     

机会窗口、复合式战略与后发企业追赶——基于大华股份的纵向案例研究

基于中国本土化理论——复合基础观，以浙江大华技术股份有限公司（以下简称大华）为例，结合后发企业追赶需要考虑的重要情境即机会窗口，分析后发企业在追赶过程中，如何合理、灵活地采取复合式战略回应机会窗口，并利用机会窗口带来的发展机遇，实现从初始追赶到超越追赶再到行业前沿的追赶历程。研究发现，同一行业内不同机会窗口之间环环相扣、相互影响，某一机会窗口的出现也会触发其它机会窗口出现，进而引致整个行业机会窗口涌现；基于复合基础观视角，后发企业追赶路径的演变过程为：最初以技术模仿式创新为导向实现边缘赶超，继而以市场把握和扩张为导向实现商业模式创新，然后以全面协同创新为导向实现系统竞争力提升；后发企业通过实施复合式战略回应机会窗口的开启，能够帮助其更好地把握住发展机遇，实现追赶；与追赶路径演变相关联，随着企业内部资源与能力的积累，战略回应机制也相应地呈现为“被动回应—主动回应—引领拓展”的演变过程。     

生产要素对粮食产量的贡献系数分析

文章以河南省为案例,对2001年￣2003年全省109个县的数据进行定量分析,认为在既定的技术条件下,灌溉是影响粮食生产的第一要素,同时对其他要素的贡献系数又产生直接影响。灌溉对粮食产量贡献系数与当年的降水量密切相关。为保证粮食生产的稳定发展,政府应加强农田水利设施的建设,治理水污染,推广节水设备与技术,提高用水效率,同时对各种生产要素进行合理的配置。     

作业成本法在我国的应用现状及实施对策

本文首先从分析我国企业应用作业成本法的实际状况出发,通过样本分析说明我国企业目前尚无真正意义上的作业成本法,然后,对我国企业实施作业成本法的瓶颈及实施作业成本法的具体方法进行了论述。     

国有及国有控股企业的绩效评价指标体系设计

国有及国有控股企业的绩效评价指标体系是国有资产监督管理体系的重要组成部分,本文在分析现行国有和国有控股企业绩效评价指标体系局限性的基础上,对如何完善国有及国有控股企业的绩效评价指标体系进行了探讨。     

创意枭雄 智慧经营——艺术家思维，企业家行动

对于Artkey,一家在中国和美国同时开展业务的艺术授权企业，帮助企业从OEM转向ODM，增加制造业出口的利润水平。这是一家较为典型的创意产业企业，它所切入的细分市场，规模达到180亿美元。