China’s value-added tax reform,firm behavior and performance

China reformed value-added tax (VAT) by removing investment from the tax base in northeastern provinces in 2004, which is a “natural experiment” of its tax system. Using difference-in-differences method, this paper for the first time investigates the impact of VAT reform on China firms’ fixed asset investment, employment behavior, innovative activities, and productivity, and furthermore discusses the impact of firm behavior on industrial structural upgrade and employment with a firm-level panel data of large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in China. We find that VAT reform significantly promotes firms’ fixed asset investment, and increases firms’ capital-labor ratio and productivity; while enhancement of firms’ productivity is mainly achieved by means of substituting labor with capital, rather than independent technology innovation; meanwhile, VAT reform distinctly decreases employment. Our findings have essential policy implications on the extension of VAT reform in the entire China.     

浅谈金融危机下我国商业银行的内部控制

我国商业银行的内部控制正处于不断完善与发展的阶段,2007年至今的金融危机不可否认的为商业银行的内部控制提出新要求,但同时也为银行提供了一个发展壮大的良机。本文通过分析当今经济形势以及国内外的商业银行内部控制情况,为我国商业银行的内部控制制度提供了内部控制模式重构、提升人员胜任能力、提高内部审计的独立性、提升风险管理水平、严格控制贷款流向以及提高上市商业银行内部控制的披露质量的对策。     

Groping for Stones to Cross the River versus Coordinated Policy Reforms: The Case of Two Reforms in China

Abstract

China’s economic transition has reached a stage where the past experimental approach is no longer sufficient. Future policy reforms need to be carried out in a holistic rather than a piecemeal manner. This paper analyzes the reforms of two related institutions in China: the household registration system and the rural land system. We argue that further institutional changes warrant national initiatives and coordinated reforms rather than merely drawing on local pilot experiences. A holistic policy package that can simultaneously promote the reforms of the household registration and the rural land system is proposed. We use fiscal simulations to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed holistic policy package.     

中国省区城镇化空间格局与驱动力演变

基于1982-2010年间的四次人口普查数据,挖掘我国省区城镇化发展的空间特征,考察城镇化核心驱动力的演变历程。研究发现:"东高西低"的城镇化空间格局进一步强化,省区城镇化水平和质量并不匹配;人口的省际流动更加活跃,主要迁移方向仍然表现出明显的"向海性"特征,"六普"时省际迁移人数和迁移率达到5800多万人和43.7‰以上,有力带动了全国城镇化水平的提高。中国经济增长对城镇化单方向促进的局面将由二者相互促进的新型关系所取代;服务业的驱动作用已经超过第二产业;自下而上的、乡镇企业主导的分散型工业化模式对城镇化的滞缓效应日趋明显;全球化带来的外来投资对城镇化发展起到了稳定的促进作用。     

Nonparametric fixed effects model for panel data with locally stationary regressors

We develop methods for inference in nonparametric time-varying fixed effects panel data models that allow for locally stationary regressors and for the time series length $T$ and cross-section size $N$ both being large. We first develop a pooled nonparametric profile least squares dummy variable approach to estimate the nonparametric function, and establish the optimal convergence rate and asymptotic normality of the resultant estimator. We then propose a test statistic to check whether the bivariate nonparametric function is time-varying or the time effect is separable, and derive the asymptotic distribution of the proposed test statistic. We present several simulated examples and two real data analyses to illustrate the finite sample performance of the proposed methods.     

资源约束下中国碳减排与经济增长的双赢绩效研究-基于非径向DEA方法RAM模型的测度

本文运用非径向DEA方法——RAM模型估算了1998—2010年中国29个省份的经济效率、碳环境效率,并将两者整合在统一的联合效率框架以测度碳排放与经济增长的耦合程度,结果发现我国节能减碳政策取得了明显效率改进的"水平效应"。松弛量分解表明高能耗与投资过度是非效率的主要源泉。进一步,我们通过约束模型单向投影发现中国节能减碳的途径依赖于"自然减排",而能源替代与技术进步效应明显不足。     

导向系统设计中的色彩设计“交点”研究

导向设计中色彩设计与建筑色彩设计、环境色彩设计、信息载体色彩设计的“交点”比较集中地反映了导向系统的色彩设计所负载的功能价值和美学意义.三大色彩设计“交点”是导向系统色彩设计的重要环节,也体现出视觉传达设计和建筑设计、环境设计、产品设计的之间的交流与合作.导向系统不再是单一功能性设计,而是更多的带给人们视觉、心理的享受和体验,并给人以情感慰藉与关怀.     

城市再生水的边际机会成本定价方法研究

分析了边际机会成本定价法的特点,指出了该方法应用于城市再生水定价时的作用,给出了边际机会成本定价的一般公式.通过分析得出再生水边际成本定价时需用平均增量成本代替边际机会成本,并给出了平均增量成本的计算公式.最后提出了城市再生水边际机会成本定价的具体步骤.采用边际机会成本定价法可使再生水生产企业获得足够的收入去扩容并实现可持续发展,还有可能实现资源的高效分配,因此可作为判断再生水价格是否合理的一个主要依据.     

非线性定价的福利再分配效应研究——基于非对称双寡头市场的分析

较之"线性定价","非线性定价"在社会福利方面的优势被现有理论反复证明。在肯定"非线性定价"方式能够改进社会总福利的同时,指出并不是每一个市场主体的福利水平都能够通过"非线性定价"方式得到改进。通过建立模型、计算和比较分析,提出了在上述两种情况下,"非线性定价"可能会对特定的市场主体产生"福利剥夺",从而出现福利再分配效应。     

美元量化宽松条件下中国外汇储备的收益与安全

随着中国金融业对外开放的不断深化,中国巨额外汇储备受到国际金融市场的影响越来越大。美国推出量化宽松货币政策后,中国需要对外汇储备的平均收益率进行合理有效的估计,以指导外汇储备的管理。为此选取2009—2013年的月度数据,估计外汇储备的平均收益率,分解利差和汇率波动对外汇储备收益和安全性的影响,指出外汇储备面临的收益率降低、风险升高的问题,并提出调整外汇储备币种结构,拓展投资渠道等改革方向。