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71.
Theo Eicher Cecilia García-Peñalosa Tanguy van Ypersele 《Journal of Economic Growth》2009,14(3):205-231
We examine how the interaction between education and corruption affects institutional reform and economic development. While
corruption reduces average income and education, education increases not only output and hence potential corruption rents,
but also produces more informed electorates that better monitor government actions. We find that economies with intermediate
levels of education remain in a poverty trap since the level of skills creates sufficient corruption rents but not enough
monitoring. Economies with low or high levels of education can escape the poverty trap, and inequality plays a key role in
determining whether this occurs through a change in institutions or an expansion of education. 相似文献
72.
This paper exploits the remarkable increase in the average educational attainment of Australian youth during the 1980's to evaluate the role of education in labour market performance. Rather than focus on the impact of schooling on wages, however, we examine changes in the occupational distribution of recent labour market entrants. The evidence indicates that the educational expansion appears to move all individuals up the educational ladder without altering their relative position. The results indicate that while the second cohort obtained substantially more education than the first cohort the occupational distribution of the two cohorts were almost identical. Furthermore, there was no evidence that the increased education counterbalanced changes in the structure of labour demand or manifested itself in higher wages. 相似文献
73.
Gordon R. Foxall Francis S. Murphy Janet D. Tierney 《Journal of Marketing Management》2013,29(1-2):201-211
User‐initiated innovation refers to the inauguration of new industrial processes and products by their users rather than by manufacturers. The marketing literature has recently been enhanced by the reconceptualisation of industrial innovation to include the possibility of this customer‐active approach. But the accounts of customer‐active innovation which have so far appeared confine the role of the user to the development of internally‐applied process innovations, leaving their wider commercial exploitation entirely to manufacturers. This article presents a case study of the development of flexible manufacturing systems in a major British company and demonstrates the importance of recognising the active role of users in product innovation. 相似文献
74.
In recent years executive coaching has become an important management development practice in many organizations. Executive coaching is a partnership between a management level client and a coach hired by an organization to assist the executive in becoming a more effective and successful manager. While executive coaching has become a frequent and important practice in organizations, there has been relatively little serious consideration of the complex ethical issues that arise for persons and organizations. This study proposes that executive coaching involves an agency relation with specific moral duties that go beyond the usual standards of professional ethics. Agency theory, and in particular a focused understanding of the agency relationship, can provide a needed ethical grounding and basis for moral thinking about executive coaching. 相似文献
75.
Comparisons of the costs of reduced-impact (RIL) and conventional logging (CL) based on new data from Gabon and 10 previously published studies revealed that some tropical forest operators should adopt RIL out of financial self-interest but many may require other motivation. Among the comparisons in which costs were expressed per cubic meter of harvested timber, three reported lower costs for RIL, one showed identical costs with CL, and six reported RIL to be more costly. 相似文献
76.
This paper presents some two-step estimators for a wide range of parametric panel data models with censored endogenous variables and sample selection bias. Our approach is to derive estimates of the unobserved heterogeneity responsible for the endogeneity/selection bias to include as additional explanatory variables in the primary equation. These are obtained through a decomposition of the reduced form residuals. The panel nature of the data allows adjustment, and testing, for two forms of endogeneity and/or sample selection bias. Furthermore, it incorporates roles for dynamics and state dependence in the reduced form. Finally, we provide an empirical illustration which features our procedure and highlights the ability to test several of the underlying assumptions. 相似文献
77.
Theo Papadopoulos 《The Australian economic review》2000,33(4):337-348
For more than a decade now there has been considerable, often heated, debate over the issue of the parallel importation of sound recordings into Australia. Citing anti-competitive monopolistic distribution, an increasingly integrated global market and the challenges of new technologies, the Australian government recently passed the Copyright Amendment Act (No.2) 1998 , which permits the parallel importation of 'non-infringing' copies of a sound recording. This paper investigates the economic rationale underpinning this regulatory change and, using a partial equilibrium model, attempts to measure the likely welfare effects on consumers, copyright owners and the nation. In addition the paper examines the likely welfare impact of piracy within the new regulatory framework. This paper demonstrates that in a global music market characterised by exclusive territorial licences and price discrimination, the removal of parallel import restrictions by a small net-importer of intellectual property may be welfare enhancing for the nation. This welfare gain is at the expense of largely foreign copyright owners. 相似文献
78.
Nick Francis Neville Holland 《International Journal of Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Marketing》1999,4(3):217-223
This paper looks at direct mail in the United Kingdom across all market sectors and in detail at the charity sector. It uses the research information that Royal Mail has been collecting foroveradecadetoshowthegrowthofthe medium. The diary system used by the Consumer Panel gives an insight into the typical donor and their relationship with charities. This paper looks only at direct mail: ‘personally addressed advertising material that is delivered through the post’. This definition means that leaflets put through the letterbox are excluded. Copyright © 1999 Henry Stewart Publications 相似文献
79.
Francis Breedon 《Economic Outlook》1998,22(3):4-7
In this article Francis Breedon discusses how sterling’s rise over the last 6 months can be explained in terms of a delayed overshooting reaction to past monetary policy. Although the timing is still hard to judge, it seems that this effect should now begin to wear off, allowing sterling to fall – particularly against the DM. As far as future monetary policy is concerned, this delayed overshoot is another argument for the Treasury and Bank of England undertaking a more activist exchange rate policy, perhaps following the example of another open economy on the fringes of EMU – Switzerland. 相似文献
80.
Daniel L. McFadden Albert C. Bemmaor Francis G. Caro Jeff Dominitz Byung-Hill Jun Arthur Lewbel Rosa L. Matzkin Francesca Molinari Norbert Schwarz Robert J. Willis Joachim K. Winter 《Marketing Letters》2005,16(3-4):183-196
Measures of households' past behavior, their expectations with respect to future events and contingencies, and their intentions
with respect to future behavior are frequently collected using household surveys. These questions are conceptually difficult.
Answering them requires elaborate cognitive and social processes, and often respondents report only their “best” guesses and/or
estimates, using more or less sophisticated heuristics. A large body of literature in psychology and survey research shows
that as a result, responses to such questions may be severely biased. In this paper, (1) we describe some of the problems
that are typically encountered, (2) provide some empirical illustrations of these biases, and (3) develop a framework for
conceptualizing survey response behavior and for integrating structural models of response behavior into the statistical analysis
of the underlying economic behavior. 相似文献