THE OPTIMAL CONCENTRATION OF CATTLE FEED SUPPLEMENTS

The paper deals with the optimal composition of cattle feed supplements which are prepared by feed mills and sold to cattle feeders. Two problems are distinguished. In the first problem the ratio in which supplement and main feed are utilised is considered as given, while in the second problem this ratio is optimally chosen.
The relationships between these two problems as well as their dual problems are analysed. It is indicated that feed mill profit margins for the supplement, based on the quantity of the supplement and the input costs, generally lead to supplements which are too concentrated. An application to a dairy ration is used as an example.
Cette étude s'occupe avec la composition optimale des suppléments fourragères préparés par des entreprises fourragères et vendus aux éleveurs de bétail. On distingue deux problèmes. Dans la première la proportion entre le supplément et le fourrage principal est prise pour donnée, et dans la seconde cette proportion est choisie optimalement.
Les relations entre les deux problèmes et les problèmes duales correspondantes sont analysées et on constate que des écarts bénéficiares des entreprises fourragères qui sont basés sur la quantité du supplément et les coûts des ingrédients en général out pour résultat des suppléments trop concentrés. Une application à une ration pour des vaches laitières est donnée pour exemple.     

Persistent but not consistent: The growth of national income in Holland 1347–1807

In this paper we construct a detailed dataset of the national accounts of Holland (1347–1807). Using this dataset, we demonstrate that this economy was characterized by persistent economic growth caused by, depending on the period, structural change (share of industry and services in the economy increases), technological development, and factor substitution. During the entire period GDP per capita increased by on average 0.19% per year. This persistent growth, however, was highly unstable due largely to the importance of international services in the economy.     

Marx-critiek

Het wijsgeerig-economisch stelsel vanKarl Marx. Eene critische studie door Mr.M. W. F. Treub, Hoogleeraar in de Staathuishoudkunde en de Statistiek aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam. Amsterdam, Scheltema & Holkema's Boekhandel. Haarlem, H. D. Tjeenk Willink & Zn. Eerste Deel (1902). Tweede Deel (1903).