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31.
Tomáš Havránek 《Review of World Economics》2010,146(2):241-261
This paper presents an updated meta-analysis of the effect of currency unions on trade, focusing on the euro area. Using meta-regression
methods such as the funnel asymmetry test, evidence for strong publication bias is found. The estimated underlying effect
for currency unions other than the eurozone reaches more than 60%. However, according to the meta-regression analysis, the
euro’s trade promoting effect corrected for publication bias is insignificant. The Rose effect literature shows signs of the
economics research cycle: reported t-statistic is a quadratic concave function of the publication year. Explanatory meta-regression (robust fixed effects and
random effects), that can explain about 70% of the heterogeneity in the literature, suggests that results published by some
authors might consistently differ from the mainstream output and that study outcomes are systematically dependent on study
design (usage of panel data, short- or long-run nature, number of countries in the data set). 相似文献
32.
Financial frictions distort the allocation of resources among productive units—all else equal, firms whose financing choices are affected by such frictions face higher borrowing costs than firms with ready access to capital markets. As a result, input choices may differ systematically across firms in ways that are unrelated to their productive efficiency. We propose an accounting framework that allows us to assess empirically the magnitude of the loss in aggregate resources due to such misallocation. To a second-order approximation, the framework requires only information on the dispersion in borrowing costs across firms, which we measure—for a subset of U.S. manufacturing firms—directly from the interest rate spreads on their outstanding publicly-traded debt. Given the observed dispersion in borrowing costs, our approximation method implies a relatively modest loss in efficiency due to resource misallocation—on the order of 1 to 2 percent of measured total factor productivity (TFP). In our framework, the correlation between firm size and borrowing costs has no bearing on TFP losses under the assumption that financial distortions and firm-level efficiency are jointly log-normally distributed. To take into account the effect of covariation between firm size and borrowing costs, we consider a more general framework, which dispenses with the assumption of log-normality and which implies somewhat higher estimates of the resource losses—about 3.5 percent of measured TFP. Counterfactual experiments indicate that dispersion in borrowing costs must be an order of magnitude higher than that observed in the U.S. financial data, in order for misallocation—arising from financial distortions—to account for a significant fraction of measured TFP differentials across countries. 相似文献
33.
Andrej Škraba Miroljub Kljajić Mirjana Kljajić Borštnar 《Group Decision and Negotiation》2007,16(1):77-95
The research project addresses the influence of feedback information on the decision process supported by the application
of system dynamics models. A user-friendly application was developed and used in the experiment with decision groups. The
participants were 174 undergraduate management science students. They had the task of determining the optimum business strategy
by maximizing the multiple criteria function under three experimental conditions: a
1) an indivIDual decision process without the support of a system dynamics model, a
2) an indivIDual decision process supported by a system dynamics model, and a
3) a decision process supported by a system dynamics model and subject interaction via computer mediation. The hypotheses that
the indivIDual decision process supported by a system dynamics model yields higher Criteria Function values than one without
a system dynamics model, as well as the decision process supported by both a system dynamics model and subject interaction
yields higher Criteria Function values than one supported by a system dynamics model alone were confirmed. 相似文献
34.
What is the impact of financial sector segments at different stages of development? We apply a production function approach to investigate the impact of the credit, bond and stock segments in nine EU-accession countries over early years of transition (1996–2000) and compare these to mature market economies and to countries at intermediate stage. We find that the transfer mechanisms differ over the development cycle (from bond markets to educational attainment to labor participation) and that financial market segments with links to the public sector (but not stock markets) contributed to stability and growth in transition economies. 相似文献
35.
36.
Dragiša Stojanović 《Socio》1984,18(3):167-169
This paper is concerned with some aspects of direct and indirect growth rates of sectors and with the model based on the matrix of economic growth. The purpose of this consideration is to determine through indirect growth rates the growth structure of economy and to construct the model which may be used for the planning goals. In other words, by means of the matrix of growth or the model which is based on it we can estimate the future development of the economy. This can be done under different assumptions no matter whether relations are transfered from the past into the future or whether various relations change in future periods on the basis of streamlined elements of the plan. Hence, it can be determined either from the assumption that past relations will be kept approximately in the same frames, or that they will change in the future. In each case all the changes can be described through direct and indirect growth rates. 相似文献
37.
Poverty rate calculations are often based on household surveys that exclude some of the groups most vulnerable to poverty such as the homeless. This paper documents the nature of the excluded groups and the quantitative importance of their omission for the Czech Republic. Our study combines European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data for 2011 with information from the 2011 Population Census. Our preferred estimate indicates an increase in the poverty rate by almost one percentage point. The paper contributes to accurately identifying the most vulnerable members of the society, which is essential for setting effective social policies. 相似文献
38.
Journal of Regulatory Economics - Basel III introduced unweighted capital standard and new regulatory liquidity standards to complement the revised risk-weighted capital requirements. This change... 相似文献
39.
Data driven test procedure for detection of change is introduced and its properties are studied. The new solution is max-type
statistic related to data-driven rank tests for two-sample subproblems. Simulations show that the new test possesses high
and stable power. The test is consistent at essentially any alternative. Asymptotic null distribution of the test is derived.
The work of the first two authors has been partially supported by the grants GAČR 201/06/0186 and MSM 02160839. 相似文献
40.
Although tax havens have been affecting other countries for decades, only in recent years have the associated challenges been subject to intensive scrutiny in both research and policy areas. We contribute to the growing evidence of corporate tax base erosion and profit-shifting by testing multinational companies’ ownership links to individual tax havens rather than to groups of them, as is the case with most previous research. Our company-level analysis suggests that profit shifts through debt financing from the Czech Republic to Luxembourg, Switzerland and, to a lesser extent, the Netherlands. We have ascertained that tax havens are not limited to tiny islands and may actually be found among European countries. We also provide rough estimates of the impact of this profit-shifting on tax revenues as well as a policy recommendation. 相似文献