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171.
This paper analyses the effects of tariff reforms on welfare and market access in a competitive small open economy, which
is characterised by involuntary unemployment due to non-market clearing wages that are fixed either in terms of the numeraire
or in real terms. We show that recent tariff-reform results can be extended to integrated reforms of tariffs and the wage
rate, and that the inherent tension between reforms that increase welfare and market access carries over. We also derive welfare
increasing tariff-reform strategies that keep the wage rate constant and show that this tension may be attenuated.
We thank Peter Neary, an anonymous referee, as well as participants at the GEP Conference on New Directions in Trade Theory
and at the ETSG Annual Conference in Athens for helpful comments. We acknowledge gratefully financial support from the Leverhulme
Trust under Programme Grant F114/BF. 相似文献
172.
This article presents a model of a risk-averse multinational firm facing risk exposure to a foreign currency cash flow. Forward markets do not exist between the firm's own currency and the foreign currency, but do exist for a third currency. Because a triangular parity condition holds among these three currencies, the available forward markets, albeit incomplete, provide a useful avenue for the firm to indirectly hedge against its foreign exchange rate risk exposure. This article offers analytical insights into the optimal cross-hedging strategies of the firm. In particular, the results show that separate unbiasedness of the forward markets does not necessarily imply a perfect full hedge that eliminates the entire foreign exchange rate risk exposure of the firm. The optimal cross-hedging strategies depend largely on the firm's marginal utility function and on the correlation of the random spot exchange rates. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 19:859–875, 1999 相似文献
173.
An increasing number of publications reporting on applications of Artificial Neural Networks demonstrates the growing relevance of modeling techniques summarized under this heading. In Management Science several known problems also have already been solved by using one of these methods.The paper at hand provides a survey of the most recent publications in this field and employs the functional structuring of Management for presentation. In the spirit of a metaanalysis we try to identify regularities with respect to the methods used and the results achieved. Furthermore we formulate areas for future research and give a summarizing evaluation of the state-of-the-art. 相似文献
174.
Udo Müller 《保险科学杂志》2000,89(1):65-88
The first part of the paper deals with the basic legal and organizational conditions, which are important in the case of insurance matters when founding an Asset Management. Its main emphasis deals with criteria which must be met when assuming the taking over of functions in the sense of § 5 subparagraph 3 no. 4 VAG. The author holds the opinion that insurance companies which hand over the above mentioned functions to an Asset Management company, exercise certain rights to advise this company. The second part is concerned with practical problems which arise in terms of organizational matters whenever a handing over of functions takes place from a legal point of view as mentioned in the first part of the paper. Finally, the opinion is taken that due to the remaining responsibility of the financial executive officers in insurance companies, Asset Management companies dealing with the assets of insurance companies have limited power. 相似文献
175.
The paper examines the influence of altruism on voluntary transfers and government redistribution in a simple model: two
jobs of different productivity are assigned by chance to two individuals. Ex ante the individuals are identical, ex post they
have different incomes. The first part of the paper examines voluntary transfers determined ex post or agreed upon ex ante
in the absence of altruism. In the second part, the influence of altruism is examined. Altruism is modelled as a pure public
good: the minimum consumption (or income, since there is only one consumption good). Both individuals can contribute to its
provision, one person by earning wage income, the other by voluntary transfers. The ex ante solutions generally lead to higher
expected welfare but create several incentive problems. Only lump-sum transfers are considered.
Received: 28 February 1997 / Accepted: 31 January 2000 相似文献
176.
This paper develops a multiperiod hedging model for a competitive risk-averse international firm. We study the optimal sequential hedging strategy and analyze the impact of the structure of available risk sharing markets on the firm's export decision. As a main result, we find that the number of risk sharing markets critically affects the export level while the timing of these markets is inconsequential. 相似文献
177.
178.
Udo Ebert 《Bulletin of economic research》1995,47(4):285-294
The paper presents a concise account of recent results on the axiomatization of various welfare measures. Following the introduction and discussion of some elementary properties that a welfare measure should satisfy, valid measures are derived. In particular, the Hicksian equivalent and compensating variation and a measure based on the money metric are characterized. 相似文献
179.
180.