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941.
942.
When modeling the behavior of firms, marketers and micro-economists routinely confront complex problems of strategic interaction.
In competitive environments, firms make strategic decisions that not only depend on the features of the market, but also on
their beliefs regarding the reactions of their rivals. Structurally modeling these interactions requires formulating and estimating
a discrete game, a task which, until recently, was considered intractable. Fortunately, two-step estimation methods have cracked
the problem, fueling a growing literature in both marketing and economics that tackles a host of issues from the optimal design
of ATM networks to the choice of pricing strategy. However, most existing methods have focused on only the discrete choice
of actions, ignoring a wealth of information contained in post-choice outcome data and severely limiting the scope for performing
informative counterfactuals or identifying the deep structural parameters that drive strategic decisions. The goal of this
paper is to provide a method for incorporating post-choice outcome data into static discrete games of incomplete information.
In particular, our estimation approach adds a selection correction to the two-step games approach, allowing the researcher
to use revenue data, for example, to recover the costs associated with alternative actions. Alternatively, a researcher might
use R&D expenses to back out the returns to innovation. 相似文献
943.
944.
945.
946.
Firms and organizations in India have responded to market reforms, liberalization and globalization by improving efficiency, importing technology and by increasing in‐house R&D. This paper highlights some of the evolutionary changes that have occurred since India undertook sweeping reforms in July 1991 to open its economy to foreign participation and competition. Although some authors, such as Forbes (1999), have looked at the impact of the liberalization on India's R&D and innovation, they missed a number of dimensions that have far‐reaching implications for the process of technological capability development in India. Using the concept of technological capability, this paper makes a contribution to the discourse on the changing R&D and innovation scenario in the face of on‐going liberalization in India. It concludes with three case studies, which illustrate some of the recent changes made by industrial organisations. 相似文献
947.
948.
949.
An analysis of efficiency in the delivery of financial services: The case of life insurance agencies 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Scale and scope economies are examined for life insurance agencies that distribute multiple financial products. The results of this study suggest that there are significant administrative returns to scale for firms that sell a mix of financial products. The findings for scope estimates are inconsistent, suggesting that there are positive and negative cost complementaries for pairs of products. Subadditivity can be rejected, suggesting that joint distribution of financial products is not necessarily more efficient than specialization and that different-sized agencies are not necessarily at a cost disadvantage. 相似文献
950.
Two-person dynamic equilibrium in the capital market 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
When several investors with different risk aversions trade competitivelyin a capital market, the allocation of wealth fluctuates randomlyamong them and acts as a state variable against which each marketparticipant will want to hedge. This hedging motive complicatesthe investors' portfolio choice and the equilibrium in the capitalmarket. This article features two investors, with the same degreeof impatience, one of them being logarithmic and the other havingan isoelastic utility function. They face one risky constant-return-to-scalestationary production opportunity and they can borrow and lendto and from each other. The behaviors of the allocation of wealthand of the aggregate capital stock are characterized, alongwith the behavior of the rate of interest, the security marketline, and the portfolio holdings. 相似文献