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排序方式: 共有133条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Erhan Bayraktar PhD Virginia R. Young PhD FSA 《North American actuarial journal : NAAJ》2013,17(4):428-442
Abstract We assume that an agent’s rate of consumption is ratcheted; that is, it forms a nondecreasing process. We assume that the agent invests in a financial market with one riskless and one risky asset, with the latter’s price following geometric Brownian motion as in the Black-Scholes model. Given the rate of consumption, we act as financial advisers and find the optimal investment strategy for the agent who wishes to minimize his probability of ruin. To solve this minimization problem, we use techniques from stochastic optimal control. 相似文献
92.
We build on previous work concerned with measuring equity and consider the problem of using observed claim data or other information to calculate premiums which maximize equity. When these optimal premiums are used, we show that gathering more information or refining the risk classification always increases equity. We study the case for which the premium is constrained to be an affine function of the claim data and obtain results analogous to classical credibility theory, including the inhomogeneous and homogeneous cases of the Bu¨hlmann-Straub model. We derive formulas for the credibility weights in certain cases. 相似文献
93.
The production efficiency and shadow prices of three environmental outputs (BOD, COD, and SS) of 63 household-level paper-recycling units, from a recycling craft village in Vietnam, are assessed A two-stage procedure, linear programming and stochastic estimation, is used to estimate output distance function. Social capital as a production factor and environmental outputs are included in the output distance function. Results indicate that production efficiencies could potentially be improved by 28%. There is a substantial variation in the shadow prices of environmental outputs among the production units of different types of paper products. Furthermore, the average shadow prices of the three environmental outputs are all positive. This indicates a potential for improving environmental quality though introducing pollution-prevention methods to paper-recycling production processes in Vietnam (e.g., recirculation of wastewater), and suggests that it may be inappropriate to restrict the shadow prices of environmental outputs to be non-positive for the analysis of some production processes. 相似文献
94.
The aim of this paper is to measure the potential effect of a family policy introduced in Spain in 2003 that provides working mothers with a monthly cash benefit of 100 euros per child aged under 3 years. We explore the effect of the policy on eligible women's labour market participation. In the tradition of the policy evaluation literature we use a difference-in-differences-in-differences (DDD) estimation approach. Our results support a small but significant positive effect of the policy. We find that since the implementation of the policy the labour market participation rate for mothers of children aged under 3 has risen by 3 percentage points compared to the rate for non-policy-eligible females. This represents 5% of their average labour market participation in 2002, the year before the policy was implemented. This overall policy effect is dominated by the effect of the policy among high school educated females. 相似文献
95.
We establish when the two problems of minimizing a function of lifetime minimum wealth and of maximizing utility of lifetime
consumption result in the same optimal investment strategy on a given open interval O in wealth space. To answer this question, we equate the two investment strategies and show that if the individual consumes
at the same rate in both problems—the consumption rate is a control in the problem of maximizing utility—then the investment
strategies are equal only when the consumption function is linear in wealth on O, a rather surprising result. It then follows that the corresponding investment strategy is also linear in wealth and the
implied utility function exhibits hyperbolic absolute risk aversion.
相似文献
96.
Drawing on case studies from the telecommunications and auto industries, the authors argue that the vertical disintegration of major German employers is contributing to the disorganization of Germany’s dual system of in‐plant and sectoral negotiations. Subcontractors, subsidiaries and temporary agencies often have no collective bargaining institutions or are covered by different firm‐level and sectoral agreements. As core employers move jobs to these firms, they introduce new organizational boundaries across the production chain and disrupt traditional bargaining structures. Worker representatives are developing new campaign approaches and using residual power at large firms to establish representation in new firms and sectors, but these have not been successful at rebuilding co‐ordinated bargaining. 相似文献
97.
We apply the principle of equivalent utility to calculate the indifference price of the writer of a contingent claim in an incomplete market. To recognize the long-term nature of many such claims, we allow the short rate to be random in such a way that the term structure is affine. We also consider a general diffusion process for the risky stock (index) in our market. In a complete market setting, the resulting indifference price is the same as the one obtained by no-arbitrage arguments. We also show how to compute indifference prices for two types of contingent claims in an incomplete market, in the case for which the utility function is exponential. The first is a catastrophe risk bond that pays a fixed amount at a given time if a catastrophe does not occur before that time. The second is equity-indexed term life insurance which pays a death benefit that is a function of the short rate and stock price at the random time of the death of the insured. Because we assume that the occurrence of the catastrophe or the death of the insured is independent of the financial market, the markets for the catastrophe risk bond and the equity-indexed life insurance are incomplete. 相似文献
98.
The controller is in the best position to evaluate the costs of proposals and counter-proposals in bargaining sessions; he should be a regular member of the negotiating team. 相似文献
99.
Goldsby Michael G. Neck Christopher P. Gerde Virginia W. 《Teaching Business Ethics》1998,2(3):229-247
Teaching Business Ethics - 相似文献
100.
Virginia Queijo von Heideken 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2009,111(3):567-596
This paper aims to evaluate whether frictions in credit markets are important for business cycles in the United States and the euro area. I modify the DSGE financial accelerator model developed by Bernanke, Gertler and Gilchrist (1999) by adding such frictions as price indexation to past inflation, sticky wages, consumption habits and variable capital utilization. When estimating the model using Bayesian methods, I find that financial frictions are relevant in both areas. According to the posterior odds ratio, the data clearly favor the model with financial frictions, both in the United States and the euro area. Moreover, financial frictions are larger in the euro area. 相似文献