Publish or Perish: What the Competition is Really Doing

This study provides comprehensive publications performance data over a 25-year period for finance doctorates. These data indicate that publishing one article per year in any finance journal (or finance, accounting, economics, or business journal) over any prolonged period of time is a truly remarkable feat, met by only 5% of the graduates. Tenure screens combining various quantity and quality requirements are examined to assess their ability to predict future publication productivity. Faculty and administrators seeking defensible benchmarks for evaluating faculty research productivity in finance will find that these data and results are particularly useful.     

Comment on: “Distinguishing the two forms of the constant percentage learning curve model”

Abstract. Several points relating to the use of learning curves in management accounting are discussed and clarified. There is no underlying general theory that suggests that learning should follow a particular model in a particular situation. A number of more sophisticated models which are conceptually satisfying and have given good results in practice, but are not discussed in the management accounting literature, are briefly described. Some limitations on the methods suggested to identify the learning curve model and determine its parameters in a particular application are discussed. Some potential limitations in using derived models for estimation in practice are also presented. Résumé. L'auteur analyse et clarifie plusieurs points reliés à l'usage des courbes d'apprentissage en comptabilité de management. Aucune théorie générale sous-jacente ne suggère que l'apprentissage doive se conformer à un modèle particulier dans une situation particulière. L'auteur décrit brièvement des modèles plus raffinés, satisfaisants sur le plan conceptuel et ayant donné de bons résultats dans la pratique, mais que n'abordent pas les écrits en compatabilité de management. Il traite également de certaines des limitations des méthodes suggérées pour cerner le modèle de la courbe d'apprentissage et en déterminer les paramètres dans une application particulière. Enfin, il présente des limitations potentielles à l'usage de modèles dérivés aux fins d'estimation dans la pratique.     

A Reexamination of the Tradeoff between the Future Benefit and Riskiness of R&D Increases

Many previous studies document a positive relation between research and development (R&D) and equity value. Though R&D can increase equity value by increasing firm value, it can also increase equity value at the expense of bondholder wealth through an increase in firm risk because equity is analogous to a call option on the underlying firm value. Shi [2003] tests this hypothesis by examining the relation between a firm's R&D intensity and its bond ratings and risk premiums at issuance. His results show that the net effect of R&D is negative for bondholders. We reexamine Shi's [2003] findings and in so doing make three contributions to the literature. First, we find that Shi's [2003] results are sensitive to the method of measuring R&D intensity. When we use what we argue is a better measure of R&D intensity, we find that the net effect of R&D is positive for bondholders. Second, when we use tests that Shi [2003] recognizes are even better than the ones that he uses, we find even stronger evidence of the positive effect of R&D on bondholders. Third, we examine cross‐sectional differences in the effect of R&D on debtholders. Consistent with our main finding, we document a negative relation between R&D increases and default risk. The default risk reduction is also more pronounced for firms with higher initial default scores (where the debtholders have more to gain from an R&D increase) and for firms with more bank debt (where the debtholders have greater covenant protection from the possible detriments associated with R&D increases).     

The English coastal coal trade, 1691-1910: how rapid was productivity growth?1

As to coal, the normal price of its shipment is unfortunately lost among the general expenses of coal trading … ² 2 Davis, English shipping industry, p. 392.
     

Analyzing Speech to Detect Financial Misreporting

We examine whether vocal markers of cognitive dissonance are useful for detecting financial misreporting. We use speech samples of CEOs during earnings conference calls, and generate vocal dissonance markers using automated vocal emotion analysis software. We begin by assessing construct validity for the software‐generated dissonance markers by correlating them with four dissonance‐from‐misreporting proxies obtained in a laboratory setting. We find a positive association between these proxies and vocal dissonance markers generated by the software, suggesting the software's dissonance markers have construct validity. Applying the software to CEO speech, we find that vocal dissonance markers are positively associated with the likelihood of irregularity restatements. The diagnostic accuracy levels are 11% better than chance and of similar magnitude to models based solely on financial accounting information. Moreover, the association between vocal dissonance markers and irregularity restatements holds even after controlling for financial accounting and linguistic‐based predictors. Our results provide new evidence on the role of vocal cues in detecting financial misreporting.     

Free Cash Flow,Shareholder Value,and the Undistributed Profits Tax of 1936 and 1937

In 1936, the Federal Government unexpectedly imposed a tax on undistributed corporate profits. Despite the direct costs of the tax, its announcement produced a positive revaluation of corporate equity, particularly among lower-payout firms. We interpret this as evidence of a divergence between managerial and shareholder preferences regarding dividend payout policies, consistent with the presence of agency costs. We also find that despite the incentives created by the tax, the actual growth in dividends during 1936 was lower among firms judged more likely to be subject to higher agency costs after controlling for liquidity, debt, and the growth in earnings.     

The Effects of Financial Education on the Financial Knowledge of High School Students

This study investigated the effects of a financial education program on high school students' knowledge of personal finance. A comparison of pretest and posttest scores achieved on a reliable and valid thirty-item instrument suggested that the Financing Your Future curriculum increased financial knowledge across many concepts. The scores increased regardless of the course in which the curriculum was used and across student characteristics. The assessment contributes to the growing literature showing that a well-specified and properly implemented program in financial education can positively and significantly influence the financial knowledge of high school students.     

Mandatory Disclosure and Operational Risk: Evidence from Hedge Fund Registration

Mandatory disclosure is a regulatory tool intended to allow market participants to assess operational risk. We examine the value of disclosure through the controversial SEC requirement, since overturned, which required major hedge funds to register as investment advisors and file Form ADV disclosures. Leverage and ownership structures suggest that lenders and equity investors were already aware of operational risk. However, operational risk does not mediate flow‐performance relationships. Investors either lack this information or regard it as immaterial. These findings suggest that regulators should account for the endogenous production of information and the marginal benefit of disclosure to different investment clienteles.     

The Professions Under Scrutiny: An Antitrust Perspective

Increasingly, the professions are coming under the scrutiny of the antitrust laws. Such anticompetitive forms of professional conduct as group boycotts, arbitrary and unreasonable licensing requirements, barriers to entry and exclusionary practices, price-fixing, stifling of innovative delivery systems, and restrictions on the scope of professional practice are reviewed in this article. Also examined are the problems encountered by the courts in applying antitrust law to the professions. The review of the literature reveals modest evidentiary support for a shift in the burden of requiring regulation to those proposing it. Several alternatives are set forth to aid in the development of procompetitive professions.