Psychographic constructs and demographic segments

As marketers attempt to place advertisements based on demographic profiles, the use of psychographic information becomes more important. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the validity of selected psychographic measures as well as to then relate these constructs to demographic segments. The analysis, using LISREL VI, assesses the constructs, which then, based on MANOV, are related to demographic segments. Implications of the study for validating psychographic measures and for applying this knowledge are discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Food aid and nutrition: The case of Botswana

Food aid is widely used to stimulate and sustain nutrition projects. Christopher Stevens examines the link between the two by reference to a single case study. Botswana has received more WFP food aid per head than any other state, and has used much of it on continuous feeding projects. While the programmes are potentially very important for the poorest groups, they miss many who are in need. Nevertheless, they have achieved a good deal, possibly in ways that are not yet fully recognised, and represent an interesting use of foreign aid to support recurrent expenditure.     

A Monte Carlo study of autoregressive integrated moving average processes

Six of the simpler ARMA type models are examined with respect to properties of a variety of proposed estimators of unknown parameters. The findings suggest that if only one estimation method were available to a researcher the choice should probably be maximum likelihood. Stationarity- and invertibility-restricted estimation would appear appropriate when parameters are thought to be within 5 percent of constraint boundaries.     

Mauritania: The cost-effectiveness of EEC food aid

The value of EEC food aid to Mauritania is assessed. Given such factors as poor record keeping, political instability as a unique import/export situation, the authors conclude that only one of the three commodities supplied under the 1978 EEC programme could be considered cost effective.     

ACCOUNTING FOR EMPLOYEE ENTITLEMENTS*

This paper considers the problem of accounting for employee entitlements. Accrued entitlements to annual leave, sick leave and long service leave are evaluated by reference to the basic characteristics of an accounting liability and a case is presented for liability recognition in each instance. An empirical survey undertaken by the authors shows current practice in this area and indicates the need for improved financial reporting.     

On restricted estimation in linear models

Efficient estimation of models under linear restrictions on parameters has received little attention. We present a unified approach which takes account of both full rank and less than full rank design and constraint matrices. The procedure is numerically fast, accurate, and space efficient. An example is included.