全文获取类型
收费全文 | 27143篇 |
免费 | 712篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 5139篇 |
工业经济 | 2316篇 |
计划管理 | 4568篇 |
经济学 | 5869篇 |
综合类 | 326篇 |
运输经济 | 202篇 |
旅游经济 | 442篇 |
贸易经济 | 4320篇 |
农业经济 | 1319篇 |
经济概况 | 3345篇 |
信息产业经济 | 1篇 |
邮电经济 | 9篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 167篇 |
2020年 | 295篇 |
2019年 | 387篇 |
2018年 | 509篇 |
2017年 | 521篇 |
2016年 | 503篇 |
2015年 | 353篇 |
2014年 | 557篇 |
2013年 | 2738篇 |
2012年 | 780篇 |
2011年 | 834篇 |
2010年 | 771篇 |
2009年 | 891篇 |
2008年 | 746篇 |
2007年 | 733篇 |
2006年 | 649篇 |
2005年 | 522篇 |
2004年 | 554篇 |
2003年 | 531篇 |
2002年 | 559篇 |
2001年 | 517篇 |
2000年 | 574篇 |
1999年 | 501篇 |
1998年 | 485篇 |
1997年 | 490篇 |
1996年 | 474篇 |
1995年 | 427篇 |
1994年 | 430篇 |
1993年 | 458篇 |
1992年 | 477篇 |
1991年 | 465篇 |
1990年 | 416篇 |
1989年 | 368篇 |
1988年 | 350篇 |
1987年 | 369篇 |
1986年 | 390篇 |
1985年 | 536篇 |
1984年 | 531篇 |
1983年 | 515篇 |
1982年 | 443篇 |
1981年 | 433篇 |
1980年 | 445篇 |
1979年 | 427篇 |
1978年 | 313篇 |
1977年 | 298篇 |
1976年 | 239篇 |
1975年 | 253篇 |
1974年 | 195篇 |
1973年 | 198篇 |
1972年 | 149篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 718 毫秒
1.
I. E. Ilina E. N. Zharova S. P. Burlankov 《Studies on Russian Economic Development》2018,29(2):207-213
This paper presents an approach to assessing the efficacy of public spending on research and development in state programs. At present, there is a need to develop a unified approach to the analysis and evaluation of the efficacy of such spending from the perspective of participants in state programs (federal executive bodies). The proposed approach does not allow evaluating the efficacy of public spending on the development of research areas assigned to the authors. 相似文献
2.
Peter C. Young 《International Journal of Forecasting》2018,34(2):314-335
The main objective of this paper it to model the dynamic relationship between global averaged measures of Total Radiative Forcing (RTF) and surface temperature, measured by the Global Temperature Anomaly (GTA), and then use this model to forecast the GTA. The analysis utilizes the Data-Based Mechanistic (DBM) approach to the modelling and forecasting where, in this application, the unobserved component model includes a novel hybrid Box-Jenkins stochastic model in which the relationship between RTF and GTA is based on a continuous time transfer function (differential equation) model. This model then provides the basis for short term, inter-annual to decadal, forecasting of the GTA, using a transfer function form of the Kalman Filter, which produces a good prediction of the ‘pause’ or ‘levelling’ in the temperature rise over the period 2000 to 2011. This derives in part from the effects of a quasi-periodic component that is modelled and forecast by a Dynamic Harmonic Regression (DHR) relationship and is shown to be correlated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) index. 相似文献
3.
Aaron H. Anglin Jeremy C. Short Will Drover Regan M. Stevenson Aaron F. McKenny Thomas H. Allison 《Journal of Business Venturing》2018,33(4):470-492
We extend the entrepreneurship literature to include positive psychological capital — an individual or organization's level of psychological resources consisting of hope, optimism, resilience, and confidence — as a salient signal in crowdfunding. We draw from the costless signaling literature to argue that positive psychological capital language usage enhances crowdfunding performance. We examine 1726 crowdfunding campaigns from Kickstarter, finding that entrepreneurs conveying positive psychological capital experience superior fundraising performance. Human capital moderates this relationship while social capital does not, suggesting that costly signals may, at times, enhance the influence of costless signals. Post hoc analyses suggest findings generalize across crowdfunding types, but not to IPOs. 相似文献
4.
5.
Stephen G. Dimmock William C. Gerken Zoran Ivković Scott J. Weisbenner 《Journal of Financial Economics》2018,127(1):113-135
Differences in accrued gains and investors’ tax-sensitivity induce variation in a capital gains lock-in effect across mutual funds even for the same stock at the same time. Exploiting this variation, we show this effect influences funds’ governance decisions: higher capital gains decrease the likelihood a fund exits prior to contentious votes and increase the likelihood a fund votes against management. Consistent with tax motivation, these findings are concentrated among funds with tax-sensitive investors. Further, high aggregate capital gains across funds holding a stock predict a higher likelihood management loses a vote and a lower likelihood a contentious vote is proposed. 相似文献
6.
Growing urbanisation in South Africa is reflected in burgeoning Working class and informal township settlements on the fringes of its major towns and cities. Paired with this is an increasing reliance on cash as the primary means of economic transaction, which has in turn stimulated the growth of micro-enterprise business activities within the township context. This article discusses the findings of an eight-township small-area census which occurred between 2010 and 2013 in Cape Town, Johannesburg, Ekurhuleni and Durban townships representing 250 000 residents. The researchers were able to establish the scope and scale of informal food and drink retailing in these localities. Of the 10 049 micro-enterprises located in the study, some 3966 (or 39% of the total) trade in food. These include enterprises in primary production, fresh produce retailing, grocery retailing from house and spaza shops, and informal foodservice enterprises. Food is the basis for much township informal business and plays an important role in making food increasingly affordable and locally accessible, and in creating cash employment. The article builds on the knowledge base of the township informal economy role in bolstering food security needs for the marginalised. 相似文献
7.
AbstractTraditional warranty analysis focuses on the reliability of a product and offers warranty designs that compensate a consumer if the item fails. We introduce the concept of a performance-based warranty (PBW) that guarantees that a product will operate at or above some baseline level of performance, such as a minimum energy efficiency for an appliance. We illustrate how consumer behavior can change in the presence of a PBW and define the parameters for which a manufacturer may increase revenue. Finally, we present an algorithm to solve for the optimal PBW design given a consumer’s belief about the expected performance of the product. 相似文献
8.
Joseph Amankwah-Amoah Zaheer Khan Ellis L.C. Osabutey 《International Business Review》2021,30(3):101802
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the fortunes of multiple companies around the globe. Accordingly, questions are increasingly being asked about how organizations can revitalize during and after a crisis. Yet, we have limited understanding of how organizations renew themselves during crises over time. We explore this question through the lens and examination of two South-Asian airlines: Pakistan International Airlines and Sri Lankan Airlines. The cases offer important insights into the reasons behind underperformance of state-controlled enterprises and renewal activities. We shed light on strategic renewal (SR) in the wake of increasing liberalization and deregulations in the global airline industry. To this end, we propose a four-stage approach towards renewing such underperforming organizations to respond effectively to black swan events and external shocks. 相似文献
9.
Bruce E. Kaufman Michael Barry Adrian Wilkinson Rafael Gomez 《Human Resource Management Journal》2021,31(1):65-92
This paper constructs alternative balanced scorecards based on high‐performance work system (HPWS) and employment relations system (ERS) models. The models are depicted and compared in diagrams and used as framework skeletons for building separate HPWS and ERS scorecards, intended to provide a detailed data picture of the operational health and performance of an organization's employment/HR system and its operations, processes, and inputs/outputs. The scorecards are filled in with nationally representative data from 2,000+ U.S. workplaces using more than 50 employment/HR indicators, as reported by separate panels of managers and employees. The indicators for each workplace are aggregated into an overall HR/employment system score, ranked from low‐to‐high, and graphed as frequency distributions. These distributions provide a unique snapshot picture of the mean and dispersion of the state of employment relations and HR system performance for companies across the United State. They also reveal that “models matter” since the HPWS and ERS scorecards provide distinctly different evaluation assessments. 相似文献
10.
This paper investigates not only the question of whether there is exchange rate pass‐through (ERPT) but also the extent to which the pass‐through is asymmetric or state‐dependent in the BRICS countries. Using monthly data from 1999:M1 to 2019:M12 and non‐linear smooth transition vector autoregressive (STVAR) model, our results provide evidence of period‐specific ERPT between the upper and lower regime periods, governed by the selected transition variables. The results further suggest that the pass‐through of exchange rate is higher when the economy is experiencing large appreciations and expansions as well as large depreciations and recessions. Theimplication for these findings is that ERPT is strongly affected by the state of the economy. 相似文献